Transition to the High Mountains of Tropical Africa. 533 
larger, humile , A. Br. (without diagnosis in Schweinfurth, Beitr. FI. Aethiop., 
p. 58). This I can consider to be only forma humile , A. Br., not even as 
a variety. 
At the Kilimanjaro, the var. simense occurs in forms of 3-10 cm. 
in height. It was collected near the eastern source of Garanga River at 
3,700 m. by Prof. Uhlig. Forma humile of the same variety was collected 
also on Cameroon Peak at 4,000 m., being the last flowering plant there. 
At the Kilimanjaro, in the upper Ericinella region, at 3,300 m. (Uhlig, n. 
62 8), and on the grass-plains of 3,500-4,000 m. (H. Meyer, n. 8), there is 
another form which I have seen from these localities only. It has somewhat 
thick, narrow-elliptical, acute leaves, very glandular inflorescences, larger 
petals (ij the length of the sepals), and long horizontally spreading capsule 
twice the length of the sepals. I name this var. kilimandscharicum , Engl. ; 
ramulis decumbentibus vel erectis superne cum pedicellis, bracteis et sepalis 
fere omnino viridibus densius glanduloso-pilosis ; foliis crassiusculis ellipticis 
acutis ; petalis quam sepala i|-plo longioribus ; capsula quam sepala duplo 
longiore. 
Specimens of C. caespitosum , Gilib., sent from Cape Colony are exactly 
like the ordinary European ones. The same applies to the specimens 
collected in the Transvaal by Dr. Wilms. Nor can I see any difference 
between the European plant and the specimens gathered by Moseley on 
the Challenger Expedition in the most western island of Tristan d’Acunha. 
Whereas specimens (without flowers) collected by Dr. Naumann, on the 
Gazelle Expedition on Green Mountain, Ascension, are very remarkable 
in having slender stems covered below with rudiments of decayed leaves 
and with crowded upper leaves of the same form as those of the ordinary 
European plant. I do not want to dwell upon the forms occurring in 
America and the Antarctic regions ; generally, it is only to be remarked 
that numerous specimens gathered at the Strait of Magellan and in the 
Kerguelen are completely identical with European ones. Some of them 
show a vigorous growth. 
Against all these varieties, the peculiar C. africanum. , (Hook, f.) Oliv., 
stands apart as a species of its own, which I observed in woods and 
clearings of Usambara at 1,250-1,400 m., and on Kilimanjaro at 1,200- 
2,900 m. Its stem ascending between shrubs and brake is often more 
than 1 m. high. The petals are one and a half times or twice the length 
of the sepals, the oblong-lanceolate, upwards more distinctly narrowed 
leaves are acute, often attenuated into a distinct point. This species, 
which was collected in the country of the Artissi Galla near Ladjo by 
Dr. Ellenbeck, which occurs also in Uluguru, on Kirunga, Ruwenzori, 
also on Cameroon Peak up to 3,000 m., may possibly be a descendant 
of C. caespitosum , Gilib. The C. caespitosum , Gilib., var. kilimandscharicum, 
Engl., above mentioned holds, indeed, about an intermediate position 
