Wolfe . — Cytologic al Studies on Nemalion. 615 
which he regarded as 1 Richtungskorper.’ These have, however, been cor- 
rectly explained by Schmidle (’99) as supernumerary male nuclei discharged 
into the trichogyne. Oltmanns (’98) also noted the granules, previously 
observed by Schmitz, in the trichogyne of Gloeosiphonia (p. no, 1. c.), but 
concludes that they have absolutely no relation to nuclei. Schmidle, 
reinvestigating B atrachospermum, failed to find the nucleus described by 
Davis, and Osterhaut, in his paper on the same genus (’00), remarks (p. 113 , 
1. c.) : 4 Ich habe in meinen Praparaten nicht die geringste Andeutung eines 
Kernes im Trichogyne gesehen vor Eintritt des Spermatiumkernes.’ In 
view of these conflicting statements, the evidence in the present case was 
examined with extreme precaution ; but the conditions were so evident 
that the writer has been forced to conclude with Davis that the trichogyne 
(in Nemalion at least), instead of being a mere hairlike outgrowth from a 
cell, is at first a cell in the strictest sense of the word, which only later is 
specially modified in connexion with the reproductive processes. 
For purposes of comparison, it may be instructive to note that a corre- 
sponding condition of the female sexual apparatus is described in the case 
of the Laboulbeniaceae by Thaxter (’96). In these plants, which closely 
resemble the Florideae in their sexual processes, the procarp consists of a 
carpogenic cell and trichogyne connected by an intermediate cell, and the 
trichogyne presents every degree of complexity from a unicellular vesicular 
prominence to a highly developed branching system of nucleated cells, the 
terminal cells in these structures constituting the receptive portion, and 
being often specially modified by spiral twisting, or otherwise, as, for 
example, in the genus Compsomyces. 
It is also of interest to note, as a further indication of the probable 
differentiation of the trichogyne as an independent cell, that in two 
cases at least conditions were observed which strongly suggest that a 
chromatophore derived from that body in the procarp also passes into the 
young trichogyne. This, of course, is indeed the more probable from 
the fact that the chromatophore is clearly present in the trichogyne of the 
nearly related Batrachospermum. However, the protoplasm of the procarp 
stains so heavily at this time that a satisfactory demonstration of this point 
was not secured. 
Spermatogenesis. 
The general morphology of the antheridial branch has already been 
figured in the works of Bornet and Thuret (76, 78, and ’80), Guignard (’89), 
and others. In Nemalion this branch arises from what appears to be 
an ordinary vegetative cell, and like the carpogenic branch is remarkable 
for the variability in the number of cells of which it is composed. 
Similarly, too, it can be distinguished when very young by the absence 
of pigment and the short cylindrical form of its cells (Figs. 35 and 36 ). 
