Wolfe . — Cy to logical Studies on Nemalion . 625 
easily mistaken for the conditions above described, since the daughter- 
chromosomes are at this period, the early anaphase, approximately thirty- 
two in number, and are, in addition, arranged uniformly in two receding 
circles (Fig. 66). 
Since, as we have seen, the number of chromosomes in the earlier 
dividing nuclei of the cystocarp are approximately double that seen in the 
vegetative cells, a reduction must be assumed to occur at some point in 
this life history. By analogy with the conditions seen in higher plants, it 
might be expected that this reduction would be associated with the forma- 
tion of spores ; and such, in fact, has been found to be the case. At a 
more advanced stage in the development of the cystocarp (Figs. 67 and 68), 
mitotic figures were seen in terminal cells, which present a marked contrast 
to those previously occurring in these divisions (Figs. 61-65), but agreeing 
absolutely in number of chromosomes, shape of spindle, and all other 
details, so far as could be seen, with the figures observed in vegetative 
cells (Figs. 29 and 75). Moreover, it seems certain that the new cell 
resulting from this reduction division is destined to become a spore. The 
further history of the sister-nucleus which remains within the cell in which 
this reduction division occurs was, however, not followed, owing to the 
great difficulties of orientation involved. The habit of proliferation, already 
briefly described, apparently admits of a rather wide variability in the 
number of spores that may be formed from such a cell, inasmuch as it 
gives rise terminally and laterally to spores as well as to short branches 
bearing spores. The number is further multiplied by proliferation, within 
the mother-cell, more than once repeated after the carpospores have 
been successively discharged (Text-fig. 51). Although it has been im- 
possible to follow out this matter in detail and with certainty, owing to the 
complicated conditions just mentioned, it is entirely probable that the 
reduced number of chromosomes once established in a given cell persists 
throughout its further divisions, and is continued in all its products. Since, 
however, the reduction division in this plant is not associated with the 
formation of a tetrad of spores, a parallelism with higher plants does not 
exist beyond the phenomenon of actual reduction. 
The process by which the chromatin is reorganized into the reduced 
number of chromosomes in the prophases of this reduction division could 
not be followed, owing, as may be readily seen, to the fact that in the 
reconstruction of the daughter-nuclei resulting from the preceding division, 
these structures necessarily lose all morphological identity, since it is from 
their fusion that the nucleoli are formed. Inasmuch as an extrusion of 
chromatic substance has in some cases been described as being associated 
with the reduction division, it might perhaps be well to mention in this 
connexion the fact that the chromatic extrusion previously referred to 
in this paper, while seen to occur in connexion with reduction (Fig. 68), 
