Parallel cases amongst present-day plants are also to be found. P. Groom l , in 
his ‘ Contributions to the Knowledge of Monocotyledonous Saprophytes/ describes 
peculiar papillae which protrude into the cavity of certain thick-walled cells im- 
mediately beneath the external layer of the root, and in thick-walled epidermal cells 
and sclerenchymatous cells of aerial parts of Galeola javanica. These papillae look 
like processes of the cell-wall but apparently are the modified walls of arrested 
mycorrhizal hyphae. 
1 P. Groom, Contributions to the Knowledge of Monocotyledonous Saprophytes. Linnean 
Soc. Journ. Bot., vol. xxi, pp. 157-8. 
Notes . 
Swellings occur in the hyphae present in this rootlet, although they are not so 
common as they are in several of the roots of Catamites examined. 
Occasionally, the fungal hyphae are as dark-coloured as in the projections in the 
epidermoidal cells, or they may be marked with bands of a darker colour ; the latter 
feature is also sometimes observable in the processes projecting from the thick 
epidermal wall. 
Thus a comparison between the projections of the epidermoidal layer and the 
fungal hyphae in the internal tissues tends to the conclusion that the former may be 
