22 AMERICA THE OLD WORLD. 
into what he is pleased to call his system of Ge- 
ology, or Zoology, or Botany, — these things are 
not the fruits of chance or of an unreasoning 
force, hut the legitimate results of intellectual 
power. There is a singular lack of logic, as it 
seems to me, in the views of the materialistic 
naturalists. While they consider classification, 
or, in other words, their expression of the rela- 
tions between animals or between physical facts 
of any kind, as the work of their intelligence, 
they believe the relations themselves to be the 
work of physical causes. The more direct in- 
ference surely is, that, if it requires an intelligent 
mind to recognize them, it must have required 
an intelligent mind to establish them. These 
relations existed before man was created ; they 
have existed ever since the beginning of time ; 
hence, what we call the classification of facts is 
not the work of his mind in any direct original 
sense, but the recognition of an intelligent action 
prior to his own existence. 
There is, perhaps, no part of the world, cer- 
tainly none familiar to science, where the early 
geological periods can be studied with so much 
ease and precision as in the United States. Along 
their northern borders, between Canada and the 
United States, there runs the low line of hills 
known as the Laurentian Hills. Insignificant in 
height, nowhere rising more than fifteen hundred 
