THE DEVELOPMENT OF METEOROLOGY. 
31 
acquired before that work began. The German office, under 
Dove and von Bezold, has thus far restricted itself to clima- 
tology and general theoretical studies, wisely leaving it to the 
new office, just now started, under Bornstein, to attempt pre- 
dictions for the benefit of the public. The British office, 
under Fitzroy, began boldly with predictions, but was obliged 
to modify its plan until further study had shown how to 
make these more acceptable. The American office has had 
a happier history, for which we must thank the long-con- 
tinued preparatory studies and weather-maps of Redfield, 
Coffin, Loomis, and Espy, which continued for fifty years 
from 1820 to 1870, so that we really did know something 
about the behavior of our special American atmosphere. 
But especially must we thank the preliminary daily tele- 
graph maps of the Smithsonian, from 1854 to 1861, and 
the cautious policy of Prof. Joseph Henry. In 1870 Gen. 
Albert J. Myer, favored by an extensive system of tele- 
graph lines, was really justified in promising to undertake 
storm-warnings based on the daily weather-map. Not only 
has our own Weather Bureau realized all that was hoped for 
it by its early projectors, but Prof. Willis L. Moore as Chief 
has now assured it a certain degree of perpetuity by adopting 
certain principles that insure steady progress for all future 
time, namely, that behind every high art there stands a 
higher science; that complete success in weather forecasts 
demands an equally complete knowledge of the sciences in- 
volved in the motions of the atmosphere; that satisfactory 
progress in predictions can only be based on corresponding 
progress in our knowledge of the physics that underlies the- 
oretical meteorology. 
But you will say that these are only the ordinary axioms 
of the modern civilized world. True, and it is the recogni- 
tion of such axioms that marks the domination of the human 
intellect. The operations of the atmosphere are so obscure 
that multitudes doubt whether we shall ever understand it 
and continue to rely on the old-fashioned signs and the an- 
nual almanacs. Meanwhile meteorologists throughout the 
world are seeking to gain knowledge and light from every 
