106 
BAUER. 
geographical department was opened, which is jointly sup- 
ported by the University and by the Royal Geographical 
Society.” Now comes the interesting statement which I beg 
to emphasize: “Of more bearing on practical life are the Day 
Training College Delegacy (1892) and the diploma in edu- 
cation (1896 ) . Under the former elementary school teachers 
are enabled to take their training course at Oxford , and do 
so in g voicing numbers etc. 
We thus see what the writer of this article thinks of the 
relative value in practical life, of research foundations and 
normal school foundations! Yet we all know that this view 
is not typical of that held in a country having such pro- 
ductive research organizations as the Royal Society or the 
Royal Institution. Sir Norman Lockyer, in his luminous 
inaugural address before the British Association for the 
Advancement of Science, in 1903, on the “Influence of 
Brain-power on History,” says : *“A country’s research is as 
important in the long run as its battleships.” Why, then, 
does not the standard encyclopedia of that country make 
space for a representative article on “research”? 
Under “investigation” there also appears absolutely noth- 
ing. However, we have the “Investigator” ship, Investigator 
Shoal, Investigator Group, etc., but not a word about the 
general methods employed by “scientific investigators.” And 
so it is with the word “discovery” — there is no reference 
whatsoever to an article on the general principles leading up 
to discoveries. Likewise with the word “observation.” 
Though there are many references to observations of various 
kinds, there is no one article for setting forth the general 
principles of “observations” or the part they play in the 
discovery of fundamental facts. The same experience is had 
with regard to the word “experiment.” 
Now let us turn to an encyclopedia I invariably read with 
pleasure and profit; it frequently has supplied me with refer- 
ences to earlier work not to he obtained elsewhere. We shall 
find it instructive to us tonight, though the articles to which 
I beg to invite your kind attention were written three- fourths 
of a century ago. I refer to the classic Gehler’s Pliysi- 
