74 
I September, 
At low altitudes Macro-Lepidoptera were rarely visible, and they 
only species of Pieris or V. cardui ; but at Cintra they were more 
numerous ; between Lisbon and Setubal, that is, beyond the Tagus, 
better collecting ground exists. The best localities for Trichoptera 
occur in the vicinity of Cintra ; the streams nearer Lisbon have all 
the goodness washed out of them by laundresses. j Hemiptera and 
Coleoptera were to a large extent disregarded ; Luciola had begun to 
appear, but was not plentiful. No Orthoptera were collected, because 
C. von Yolxem and other entomologists had already sufficiently at- 
tended to them. In Lisbon and Oporto male field crickets are sold in 
miniature cages by bird fanciers at the rate of a penny a-piece. They 
are kept in stock by hundreds together in open tea chests, lined for 
the first three or four inches from the top with strips of tin, and are 
fed upon lettuces. The natives like to have a “grillo” chirping in 
the room, and make pets of them. Mantis eggs abound under stones 
on the hills west of Lisbon, as well as in many more southerly parts 
of Portugal. 
Neuroptera (including the ill-termed P seudo -Neuroptera, which 
Mr. Gr. R. Crotch always maintained should surely be regarded as the 
normal type of the Order) were in species comparatively few in 
number. Ephemeridce are represented almost exclusively by forms 
allied to Leptophlebia and Cloeon. 
Almodovar (May 6 — 12) was chosen as the centre whence southern 
Portugal and the kingdom of Algarve could be worked. Judging from 
the map, it seemed easy of access from Lisbon by rail and diligencia* 
(one train each way per diem), and it was natural to suppose that the 
present terminus of the line (Casevel) would be the station to alight at 
in going there. This was, however, a mistake ; Carregueiro, the last 
station but one (not indicated in the map, nor mentioned at all in 
Murray’s handbook), is the place whence the Almodovar diligencia 
starts. The line passes through a somewhat monotonous tract of 
country, comprising tertiary, palaeozoic, and eruptive rocks. The pre- 
vailing vegetation is, in some parts, cistus, which, in others, shares the 
soil with Lavandula , dwarf oak, or heath. Genista also contributes 
largely to the brushwood in places. In less sterile regions, pine trees, 
cork and olive trees form features of the landscape, or else extensive 
corn lands. Large birds of prey are plentiful. Descending with 
one’s baggage at Casevel, two buildings were visible — the station and 
a shed, and being left in sole possession of the platform, opportunity 
was given for considering at leisure “ What is going to happen next ?” 
Presently some one, possibly the engine driver, is heard returning to 
