1880 .] 
77 
and then, as though a favour had been conferred upon him, walks 
upwards of a mile over and down a hill to point out the track which 
must he followed. On nearing Sao Bartholomeu do Messines the 
flora begins to wear a more varied aspect: in places arbutus, myrtle, 
and jasmine border the tortoise-haunted streams in lieu of oleander 
merely j and the change becomes more marked when Silves is ap- 
proached, carobs and the increased luxuriance of orange, fig, and olive 
betokening the greater warmth and fertility of the lowlands. The 
call of the hoopoe and of other birds common in Alemtejo still re- 
sounds through the trees, but Cyanopica is a new feature in the 
scenery. Good sites for collecting Lepidoptera exist among the olive 
grounds and oak scrub on the hills, resorts of Bombus and Ascalaphus ; 
streamlets fringed with Tamarix swarmed with Hydroptilidce late in 
the day ; but the river at Silves yielded nothing apparently but species 
of Culex. A species of Diptera attacks oranges ; its maggots occur oc- 
casionally in the fruit at Silves, several in the same gore, and their 
presence is in most instances (if not always) betokened by a soft 
discoloured patch in the rind. Possibly this may be well known. 
At Monchique another change of flora is experienced, a modification 
of that which predominates in the cistus tracts. JNTear the town the 
sides of the hills are planted with cork woods, and with chestnut 
grown for rafters ; lower down, and almost among the houses, 
orangeries, maize plots, vineyards, Ac., occupy the slopes ; while 
cereals and potatoes are planted in the uplands. Amidst the well- 
watered herbage many English species of plants are conspicuous, as- 
sociated with peonies and rhododendrons. Lepidoptera were scarce, 
Thais sauntering amongst the groves, V. cardui in more open spaces, 
V. Atalanta high up on the hills, besides other forms. The sources of 
the streams at high elevations presented various peculiarities, issuing 
sometimes from the midst of dense thickets of rhododendrons and 
heath, sometimes from narrow water-cut trenches several feet in depth. 
Interesting forms of Perluloe and Trichoptera can frequently be ob- 
tained at these sites by beating the heath and fern (especially A. 
filix-femina ) into the net. During this excursion the distances to be 
traversed in a day, combined with the difficulties attendant upon the 
nature of the routes, precluded much collecting being done by the 
wav. 
The Portuguese government-map, edited by Cons. E. Folque 
(1860 — 5) was found insufficient for detail, but trustworthy for general 
bearings of localities. Consequently, in walking to Monchique and 
back, the route had to be ascertained for the most pari by compass 
