116 
i December, 
their position is such as to induce a belief that each gall is a modified 
flower-bud. In a dried state the galls are reddish-grey in colour. 
They are of a long spindle-shape, slightly curved, with the apex much 
produced, the outer surface slightly rugose, and with faint longitudinal 
ribs. The length of the individual galls varies from 6 to 13 lines, and 
the average diameter is about 11 line. When broken they are seen 
to be quite hollow, with only thin walls, and they emit a pleasant 
aromatic resinous odour, similar to that of rosemary. Many of them 
have a small circular opening (see the enlarged figures) a considerable 
distance below the apex, whence an insect has escaped. 
I have broken open many galls from which an insect had not 
escaped. In some of these I find the shrivelled-up remains of a larva 
(never more than one in a gall) that appears to be dipterous, and no 
doubt the true gall-maker, but in the majority there is the dried-up 
pupa of a Hymenopterous parasite with clavate antennae, apparently 
belonging to the group Ptcromalini of the Chalcidida. In all those 
galls from which the insect has emerged, I find only the puparium of 
this parasite. I have not sacrificed every un perforated gall, but those 
