1880 ], 
147 
examined Lave not presented Dipterous pupa?, nor the remains of any 
Dipterous insect ready to emerge. We are thus loft somewhat in the 
daik as to the real nature of the gall-maker, and it is very desirable 
that specimens of the galls in alcohol be examined. 
Ihe second figure (p. 146) represents galls on a species of Eucalyp- 
tus also forwarded by Baron Ferdinand von Mueller, much reduced in 
size. At first sight each gall reminds one of a distorted fruit or 
capsule, but Dr. Masters is of opinion that (from their position) they 
are not modified buds either of leaf or flower. On the twiff before me 
.. O 
the galls are placed unilaterally, with the exception of the lowest of 
the series. Each gall (dried) is somewhat olivaceous in colour (as 
the leaves). Each measures about 10 lines in length, and about 5 in 
diameter. Each has four strong angular keels externally, which are 
continued into extraordinary processes about 2$ inches long, and 
slightly curved at the tips ; occasionally one of these processes is 
aborted or abbreviated, and in one instance a tendency to furcate is 
shown. They are extremely hard, and the walls are quite a line in 
thickness, and when cut, a very strong odour, like that of intensified 
black currant, is very evident. 
Fortunately in this instance it is possible to fix with certainty the 
Order to which the gall-maker belongs. Baron von Mueller extracted 
larvae from some similar galls, and forwarded them in fluid. They are 
Lepidopterous. A well-grown larva is about an inch in length, pinky- 
whitish in colour, somewhat semi-transparent, 
and without markings, save that there are black 
dots on the spiracular region, independent of the black spiracles 
themselves ; the head is pale castaneous. There are eight ventral (in 
addition to the anal) prolegs. Judging from the general aspect of 
the larvae I am inclined to refer them to the Pyralidce , but their exact 
position must remain doubtful. In those galls opened by me I find 
the interior entirely occupied by what appears to be an imperfectly 
developed chrysalis of the moth, covered with a whitish powdery 
substance, and greatly distended. Each chrysalis is crammed with 
the fully developed pupae of a Hymenopterous parasite of the family 
Chalcididcc. In no case is there any orifice through which a 
moth could have escaped, but in the middle of the apex, between the 
four horns, there is a very small opening, scarcely sulficient to admit 
a small pin, which I take to be natural, and serving to supply air, 
which it would be impossible to obtain through the thick hard walls 
of the galls, and not made by the parasites, though it might afterwards 
be enlarged to admit of the escape of either moth or parasite. The 
tail-end of the chrysalis is extremely pointed, and placed towards this 
minute orifice. 
Lewisham, London : November, 1880. 
