60 
Theriodontia — Diadectidce and Bolosauridce. 
Gallery, 
No. 4. 
Table-case, 
No. 19. 
Empedias. 
the Permian formation of North. America. The premaxillary 
and maxillary teeth are of unequal size, as in Galesaurus, with 
two tusks near the extremity of the dentary bone. In Dime- 
trodon and Naosaurus the neural spines of the dorsal vertebrae 
have an extraordinary development ; the height of the spine in 
one species being more than twenty times the length of the 
centrum. Prof. Cope concludes that these spines formed a kind 
of elevated tin on the back, of which it is difficult to imagine 
the use. In Naosaurus there were horizontal processes on the 
spines of the vertebrae. This genus has also been recorded 
from the Permian of Bohemia (see Fig. 78, p. 58.) 
Family Diadectidce. — In the Diadectidce, represented by 
the genera Diadectes , Empedias, and HeJodectes, the teeth are 
transversely elongated, and are also divided by a median vertical 
ridge, but both the inner and outer sides are equally low. They 
are believed to have been herbivorous in diet. 
These genera are characteristic of the Permian of North 
America; see Figs. 80 and 81, Empedias molaris (Cote). 
Family Bolosauridj]. — Another closely related form, re- 
ferred to the family of BOLOSATJRiDJi, named Deuterosaurus , is 
found in the Permian of Russia (Fig. 82). 
Fig. 81. — Lateral and palatal view of posterior 
tooth of Empedias molaris (Cope); Permian, 
North America. 
Fig. 82. — Lateral view of a premolar 
of Deuterosaurus biarmicus (Eich- 
wald), from the Upper Permian of 
Russia. 
A tooth has been obtained from the Karoo beds of South 
Africa closely resembling in general characters the anterior 
teeth of j Deuterosaurus. -It has been made the type of the 
cfenus Glaridodon. 
O 
Sub-order. 4. — Pariasauria. 
Wall-case, 
No. 7, and 
Table-case, 
No. 19. 
In this sub-order are placed the remains of several other 
genera of Anomodonts. They include Pariasaurus , Anthodon , 
and Propappus , from the Triassic deposits of South Africa. 
