26 Marshall Ward and Dunlop. — On Rhamnus. 
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES IN PLATES I. & II. 
1. Whole fruit of Rhamnus infectorius. a with three seeds, b with four seeds. 
2. Transverse section across the whole dried fruit, p. pericarp, enp. endocarp. 
t. testa, enm. endosperm, em. embryo. 
3. Transverse section of one seed. t. testa, enm. endosperm, em. embryo. 
4. Transverse section of part of the seed in water, t. testa, enm. endosperm. 
cot. cotyledons. Between the testa and endosperm a layer of broken down cells. 
Zeiss D/ 2 reduced one half. 
5. Transverse section of the pericarp, examined in water. Zeiss D/ 2 . 
6. Transverse section of the pericarp, examined fresh in glycerine. The yellow 
substance ( a ) in the cells is already dissolving. D/ 2 . 
7. Transverse section of endocarp, examined in glycerine. Typical scleren- 
chymatous cells, with the lumina nearly obliterated. F/ 2 . 
8. Inner surface of the endocarp shaved off, examined fresh in glycerine. The 
yellow substance in the cells already 'partially dissolved. D/ 2 . 
9. Inner surface of the endocarp, after being left some time in glycerine. The 
yellow substance has completely dissolved. D/ 2 . 
10. Transverse section of the inner layer of the endocarp, the cells seen in (8) 
and (9). D/ 2 . 
11. Very thin transverse section of the testa in glycerine. Hard sclerenchymatous 
cells, with a number of pits in the walls. D/ 2 reduced one half. 
12. Tangential section of the testa in glycerine, showing sclerenchymatous cells 
with pitted walls and containing a granular substance of greyish colour. D/ 2 . 
13. Tangential section of endosperm in glycerine, containing fat and aleurone. D/ 2 . 
14. Tangential section of endosperm, in glycerine after water and after the fat 
has been dissolved out in absolute alcohol. D/ 2 . 
15. Tangential section of endosperm, which had remained 72 hours in a 2 °/ 0 
solution of mercuric chloride in absolute alcohol, washed | minute in water, stained 
with eosin, and mounted in potassium acetate. The cells contain aleurone in which 
no enclosure could be detected. The aleurone dissolved in water. F/ 2 . 
16. Tangential section of endosperm, 24 hours in the mercuric chloride solution, 
| minute in absolute alcohol, 5 minutes in eosin, and 1 minute in water, mounted 
in potassium acetate. The aleurone is dissolved out, leaving holes in the matrix, 
and the nucleus is stained. F/ 2 . 
17. Transverse section of one of the cotyledons in glycerine, after removing the 
fat with absolute alcohol, f.v.b. vascular bundle. D/ 2 . 
18. Tangential section of a cotyledon in glycerine, f.v.b. vascular bundle. 
19. Crystalline precipitate, obtained on adding the solution obtained from the 
pericarp to the solution obtained from the seeds. D/ 2 . 
20. Amorphous precipitate obtained on digesting the whole berry. D/ 2 . 
21. Transverse section across the middle of a seed, at a level higher than that of 
Fig. 3. t. testa, enm. endosperm, cot. cotyledons, r. funicle (raphe). m. 
thickened margin or ridge of testa, f.v.b. vascular bundle of raphe. 
22. More highly magnified view of the part of Fig. 21 enclosed in the square. 
to. outer testa, ti. inner testa. Other lettering as in Fig. 21. 
23. Cells of the raphe in which the ferment is contained. 
