9 
On the Fruits and Seeds of Rhamnus . 
tons, containing protoplasm, aleurone and fats, together with 
a yellow substance, the nature of which I was unable to make 
out, but which did not seem to be identical with the yellow 
substance contained in the outer pericarp and endocarp, and 
this supposition was strengthened by the action of the various 
parts on one another, this yellow substance contained in the 
cotyledons not acting in the same way as the yellow body 
contained in the pericarp and endocarp. 
On cutting sections of the embryo and staining with methyl 
green a prominent nucleus was seen in each cell (Fig. 18). 
The reactions of the whole berry and its various parts were 
next investigated with the following results. The whole 
berry was digested in distilled water for about twenty-four 
hours, the temperature being 30°C. ; at the end of this time 
there was found to be a copious yellow precipitate, which on 
examination under the microscope was found to consist of 
clumps of spherical masses aggregated together (Fig. 20). 
The supernatant fluid was poured off from the precipitate, and 
to it were added two or three drops of Fehling’s solution ; 
after warming, a copious brick-red precipitate of cupric oxide 
was thrown down showing that a glucose was present in the 
solution, as no precipitate was obtained when the solution 
was similarly heated without adding Fehling’s solution. 
The pericarp was stripped off a number of fruits and 
digested in distilled water for about twenty-four hours, the 
temperature being about 30°C. The solution was a pale 
yellow at the beginning, but after digestion the colour was 
more pronounced and darker, but no precipitate was obtained. 
Fehling’s solution was added to this liquid and warmed, but 
no precipitate was thrown down. The pericarp was digested 
in distilled water for twenty-four hours, at a temperature 
between 6o° and 8o°C., and at the end of the time a yellow 
precipitate was obtained, which was found to consist chiefly 
of clumps of long needle-shaped crystals (Fig. 19) ; the liquid 
filtered off from these gave a precipitate with Fehling’s solu- 
tion. Hence the yellow substance contained in the pericarp, 
which from its micro-chemical and other reactions, solubility 
