126 
Bower.— On the modes of 
position and mode of origin on the shoot ; also, that one or 
other of these is constant for different species; in fact, the 
whole genus may be divided into two sections according to 
the character of the flagella. These are in the one case the 
result of a simple extension of the apex of the phyllopodium 
(or ‘ midrib ’ of the leaf), as a 
long whip -like organ, covered, 
especially on the lower concave 
surface, with the reflexed prickles 
above mentioned. There is here 
no displacement of the parts 
of the shoot ; in the mature 
state leaves and axillary buds 
follow in the ordinary succes- 
sion 1 . In the second case, how- 
ever, the flagella, though similar 
in general appearance to those 
above described, are found attached 
to the outer surface of the sheathing 
portions of the leaves, which them- 
selves show no excurrent midrib 
(Fig. i) 2 . The question arises, what 
is the morphological character of 
the flagellum in this second case ? 
In the large majority of speci- 
mens the attachment of the mature 
flagellum is near the upper limit 
of the sheathing portion of one 
of the leaves, and on its outer 
surface (Fig. i) ; its median plane 
(i. e. the vertical plane including it and the main axis) 
forms an angle of divergence of about two-fifths with the 
Fig. i. Portion of shoot of Cala- 
mus sp. y half natural size, showing 
the lamina /, petiole p, sheath sh, 
ochrea och of the leaf; the flagellum 
Jl, which is cut short, is inserted 
near the upper limit of the sheath. 
1 An illustration of this type in C. adspersus , Bl., is given in Engler and Prantl, 
Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, II Teil, 3 Abteilung, Fig. 14. 
2 The specific distinctions in the genus Calamus are well known for their diffi- 
culty: the material for this work was collected chiefly from plants which were 
neither in flower nor in fruit, and accordingly the specific names are not given. 
