climbing in the genus Calamus. 129 
higher leaf. Thus, from observations of early stages of de- 
velopment, support is obtained of the view that the flagellum 
is a displaced axillary bud. 
(e) Anatomical investigation also points in the same di- 
rection, though it would be unwise to regard this as more 
than secondary evidence. Transverse sections through the 
leaf-sheath below the point of insertion of the flagellum show 
that there is continued downwards into the leaf-sheath a sheaf 
of collateral bundles of the usual Palm-type, arranged with 
their protoxylem directed towards a central point, just as is 
the case in an ordinary stem : they are partially enclosed by 
a broad band of sclerenchyma, which serves as a barrier be- 
tween the bundles descending from the bud, and those of the 
leaf on which it is inserted. Thus, taking the anatomical 
evidence for what it is worth, it also points in the direction 
above indicated. 
On the above grounds it is concluded that in the second 
case the flagellum of Calamus is to be regarded as an axillary 
bud, which has been so far displaced as to assume a position 
adherent to the outer surface of the sheath of the next higher 
leaf. 
Adhesions of members of one category to those of another 
are not uncommon, especially in connection with the inflo- 
rescence; thus, the axillary bud and subtending leaf may 
adhere together (inflorescences of Tilia, Ruta , and of many 
Solanaceae , &c.) ; or the axillary bud may be adherent to the 
main axis (inflorescence of Ruta , and of Solarium nigrum and 
A. Dulcamara , buds of species of Juglans , &c.). But in this case 
of Calamus a whole internode is overleapt, and the adhesion 
of the axillary bud is not merely to the internode, but even to 
the outer (lower) surface of the sheath of the next higher leaf. 
A near parallel to this is to be found in Erythrochiton hypo- 
phyllanthus , a Rutaceous plant, from New Grenada 1 : here the 
flowers are always produced at the back of the leaf, being 
1 Bot. Mag. 3rd Series, No. 303, Plate 5824. My attention was drawn to this 
remarkable plant by Professor Dickson. 
