216 Johnson.— The Procarpium and Fruit 
the procarpium,/,/,/, are very evident, of which one, c.c ., 
shows the trichogyne, /, growing out from its apex, which is 
soon lost to view. 
In Fig. 4 we have another view of the procarpium. In this 
section the trichogyne can be traced much further than in 
Fig- 3, almost to the external surface of the fruit-sheath. The 
looseness of arrangement of the cells of the fruit-sheath in the 
region of the future pore, the evidence of commencing fusion 
of the procarpial cells, and the compressed dwindling con- 
dition of the part of the trichogyne visible, are all indications 
that fertilisation has taken place. 
The evidence afforded by these and many other sections 
has led me to the following conclusions : — 
1. The procarpium (using this term in its narrower sense) 
consists of six or seven cells, distinguished by general arrange- 
ment, size, and contents from the surrounding cells of the 
swelling. 
2. The trichogyne arises from an apical, usually smaller, cell 
of this group, and after a more or less circuitous route 
reaches the external surface on which it projects, exposed for 
contact with the spermatium. The enclosed condition of the 
larger part of the trichogyne is counterbalanced by the pro- 
jection of the whole swelling. 
3. Fruit-sheath, placenta, and procarpium, all arise by the 
repeated periclinal division of the two or three outermost cor- 
tical layers of cells, the cells of the procarpium being early 
distinguishable from the placental cells by less frequent 
periclinal division. 
4. Fertilisation takes place just after the fruit-cavity has 
arisen, and when only the most internal part of the pore is 
present. 
The changes in the procarpium and placenta which follow 
upon fertilisation may be thus stated : — • 
1. Fusion of the procarpial cells with one another takes 
place ; the placental cells may or may not multiply rapidly, 
forming often a large irregularly-lobed placenta, which in 
median sections of the swelling frequently appears bilobed, 
