268 Sanford . — Anatomy of Cedar- Apple . 
equal importance with that of a branch, and it divides in a 
peculiar radiating manner throughout the knot, while the ele- 
ments of the bundle are more distorted and less-regularly 
placed. 
4. The epidermal system of the leaf has entirely disap- 
peared, its place being taken by a few layers of cork-cells, 
covered over by the thin layer of cells, dead and shrivelled, 
as already described. 
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES IN PLATE. 
Illustrating Mr. Elmer Sanford’s paper on the Anatomy of the Common Cedar- 
Apple (jGymno sporangium Macropus). 
Fig. 1. One of the knots, natural size, a, The stem on which it is borne, b, 
The body of the knot, c, One of the spore-masses, d , Ring at the base of the spore- 
mass. 
Fig. 2. Diagram of a longitudinal section of a knot, a, The vascular bundle. 
b, Parenchyma of the knot, c, The mass of fungus-filaments at the place from which 
the spore-mass arises. 
Fig- 3 - ct, Corky epidermal system of the knot, b, Parenchyma beneath. 
Fig. 4. Cross-section of parenchyma of the knot showing the fungus-mycelium. 
Fig. 5. A haustorium. 
Fig. 6. Section of the knot at the base of a spore-mass, a , Line of attachment 
of the spore-mass, b , Some epidermal cells of the knot, c, Parenchymatous cells 
of the knot. 
Fig. 7. Spores of the fungus. 
Fig. 8. Hyaline filaments of the spore mass. 
