274 Bower . — Some Normal and Abnormal 
of Tr. pyxidiferum^ I have found no trace of gemmae similar 
to those described for other species ; but occasionally I 
have seen filaments assume a moniliform appearance, as 
shown in Fig. 8, and this is associated with a greater 
development than usual of those fungal hyphae, which are as 
constantly present in this plant as in other allied forms h It 
is possible that the moniliform development is merely a 
pathological condition ; its appearance, however, is suggestive 
of that segmentation of the protonema into spherical cells 
which is recorded as a mode of vegetative propagation for 
the protonema of Funaria hygrometidca . On this point, 
however, I am not in a position to give a decided opinion. 
As to the nature of the fungus which infests the protonema 
in this species, it seems probable that it belongs to the series 
of the Mucorini . Its hyphae grow in close contact with the 
outer surface of the protonema, but haustoria projecting into 
the cells have not been observed. 
Sexual Organs . — Our knowledge of the sexual organs in the 
genus Trichomanes is based on the observations of Mettenius, 
Cramer, and Goebel. Although the general form and position 
of the antheridia and archegonia have been described for several 
different species, the details of their structure and develop- 
ment are but insufficiently known. The description now 
to be given is far from being complete, still it will fill some 
gaps in our present knowledge, and also will have some value 
as relating to a species of this variable genus in which the 
sexual organs had not hitherto been observed. 
The antheridia are produced laterally on the protonema, 
either singly or in pairs, as shortly stalked spherical bodies. 
They occupy a position corresponding to that of the lateral 
branches. I have never seen them associated with the arche- 
gonia, as described and figured by Mettenius for Tr. sinuosum 2 , 
nor indeed have antheridia and archegonia been noted on the 
same branch-system ; still, owing to the difficulty of tracing a 
complicated and interwoven protonema throughout its whole 
Goebel, 1. c. p. 95. 
2 1. c. Taf. v. 
