15 
Aculeus , the dart or sting with which they inflict a wound, 
and at the same time distil a subtle poison, as in the bees, 
wasps, 8cc. 
Insects are either male, female, or neuter ; the latter are destined 
by nature to the service of the more perfect insects, as among the 
bees, wasps, and ants. 
Most insects undergo a triple metamorphosis, before they are 
complete in all their parts ; and the Entomologist should endeavour 
to make himself acquainted, as far as possible, with every particu- 
lar respecting them in each of those states or changes. 
The egg, or first state, is expelled in the same manner as those 
of other oviparous animals. 
From the egg comes the larva, or caterpillar, formed of a humid 
substance, impotent, slow, and without wings. Some larvæ have 
many feet, others none. 
The pupa, chrysalis, or grub, is smaller, and more firm and 
hard than the larva, some are bare, others have a species of web for 
their covering. 
The pupa is either, 
Compléta , complete, having legs, and using all its limbs, as does 
the aranea, spider; acarus, the tick; oniscus, the wood-louse. 
Semicompleta , or half complete, having feet, with the appear- 
ance only of wings, as in the gryllus, grasshopper ; the cicada, 
frog -hopper ; cirnex, the bug ; libellula, the dragon fly ; ephe- 
mera, 8cc. 
Incompleta , incomplete, having feet- and wings, but which are 
immoveable, as is observable in the tipula, the ant, and the bee. 
