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Plain, or extended their whole length without folds. 
Plicatiles , folded, as in the vespa, wasp, when at rest. 
Erectae , erect, when the extreme parts of their wings are in 
contact, or nearly meet over the body of the insect, while 
standing. 
Patentes , or open, completely expanded in an horizontal posi- 
tion when resting, as in the libellulæ, and in the phalenæ geo- 
metræ. 
Incumbentes , covering horizontally the upper part of the abdo- 
men, whilst the insect is resting. 
Dejtexae, reflected, or declining downwards like the ridge of a 
house, but placed so that the inner margins are seen above the ho- 
rizon. 
Reversae, reversed, in which the upper wings are in the same 
position as the last mentioned ; but the under wings are placed hori- 
zontally, so that the edges project from under the margin of the 
upper ones. 
Deiitatae, with indented, or scolloped edges. 
Cauclatae, with one or more fibres of the wings extended from 
the margin, appearing like a tail. 
Reticulated , with the membranes crossing each other like the 
meshes of a net. They are marked with different figures, as spots, 
bands, streaks, and eyes, the latter of which are extremely beauti- 
ful and curious. 
They have two elytra, or wing-cases, which are of a crustaceous, 
hard substance ; their upper part is mostly convex, their under 
part concave. These, in the act of flying, are expanded, but it is 
