the Rook, Starling and Chaffinch. 
35 
iW- 
Month. 
Grain. 
Injurious 
Seeds. 
Harmful 
Mollusca. 
No. of 
Birds. 
January 
1 
2 
1 
1 
February . . 
2 
4 
52 
3 i 
March 
7 
1 
18 
19 
April 
0 
0 
1 
6 
May 
10 
0 
5 
25 
Total . . 
20 
7 
77 
85 
General Summary and Conclusions. 
Taking the whole time from January, 1912, to May, 1914, it 
will be seen that the starling devoured many more harmful 
organisms than beneficial, and it was only in October, November 
and December that any quantity of grain was eaten and even 
in those months more harmful organisms were eaten than 
grain and other beneficial material with the exception of 
November, 1913, and to a slight extent in December, 1912. 
Much more good was done in 1913 and 1914 than in 1912. 
Undoubtedly starlings are most beneficial on account of the 
great number of destructive insects and snails that they devour. 
The following summary shows the number of harmful and 
beneficial organisms found in the 3 periods of the investi- 
gation : — 
Total Summary of Food. 
Harmful 
Beneficial 
No. of 
organisms. 
organisms. 
birds. 
January to December, 1912 . . 
2,237 
1 .022 
392 
January to December, 1913 
2,961 
45 i 
271 
January to May, 1914 . . 
710 
79 
85 
5 . 9 o 8 
1.552 
748 
Mollusca found in Starlings. 
1. The Banded Snail (Helicella (Candidula) caperata, 
Montagu). 
This common snail, which now and then does a con- 
siderable amount of damage, seems to be one of the 
favourite mollusca of the starling. The only month in 
which it has not been found has been in September, 
c 2 
