22 
Report on the Food Found in 
No fewer than 148 Mollusca were present, including 54 Hairy Snails 
[Hygromia hispida) ; 20 Strawberry Snails ( H . rufescens) ; 12 Banded 
Snails ( Helicella caper aid) ; the rest neutrals, including 4 Pyramidula 
yotundata , 29 Vallonia pulchella ; 25 Coclilicopa lubrica ; 1 Clausilia 
laminata ; and 3 Azeca tridens. 
The following harmful seeds were found : — 5 Spear Thistle ( Carduus 
lanceolatus ) ; 1 Spurrey ( Spergula arvensis ) ; 6 Knotgrass ( Poly- 
gonum sp.) ; 3 Goosefoot (Chenopodium) ; 7 Mayweed ( Matricaria 
Chamomilla ) ; 3 Sheep’s Sorrel ( Rumex Acetosella) ; 2 Bird's-Foot Trefoil 
( Lotus corniculatus ) ; 1 Buttercup ( Ranunculus bulbosus) ; 1 Black Bind- 
weed ( Polygonum Convolvulus). Grain was represented by 170 grains 
and husks of wheat, 40 of oats and a single pea. 
March. — Forty-six starlings were sent in during this month and 
examined. The food was as follows : — 175 Leather Jackets (95 were 
those of Tipula oleracea, 29 of Tipnla paludosa , and 49 a species of 
Pachyrrhina, apparently P. maculosa ) ; 40 Click Beetles ( Agriotes 
lineata and Athous hcemorrhoidalis ; 70 Wireworms ( Agriotes , etc.) ; 
1 Muscid puparium ; 14 Carabid larvae* ; 23 Clover Weevils (Sitones 
flavescens) ; 3 Pea and Bean Weevils ( Sitones lineata) ; 8 Hypera 
Weevils [Hypera punctata) ; 10 Raspberry Weevils (Otiorhynchus pi cipes)] 
58 Barynotus Weevils ( Barynotus elevatus ) ; 1 Ground Beetle 
(Harpalus ruficornis) ; 2 other Carabids ? ; 1 Turnip Flea Beetle 
(Phyllotreta undulata) ; 13 Dung Beetles [Aphodius fimetarius)* ; 1 
beetle Philonthus politus, Fabr. ; 35 Caterpillars of the Dark Arches 
Moth ( Xylophasia polyodon) ; 6 Ants, 3 being Lasius flavus and 3 
Formica rufa ; 55 Earwigs [Forficula auricularia) ; 12 Rove Beetles 
or Staphylinidae* ; 1 Centipede ( Geophilus longicornis).* 
The following species of Mollusca were present : — 10 Strawberry 
or Rufous Snails ( Hygromia rufescens) ; 34 Hairy Snails ( Hygromia 
hispida) ; 9 Down Snails ( Helicella virgata ) ; 11 Pyramidula rotundata ; 
9 Vertigo pygmcea and 3 Twist Snails [Coclilicopa lubrica ), the last 3 
species being neutrals. A few seeds were found ; amongst these there 
were only 9 of harmful species, 5 being Thistle [Carduus lanceolatus) ; 
3 Sheep’s Sorrel [Rumex Acetosella) and 1 of Bird’s-Foot Trefoil [Lotus 
corniculatus). 
Wheat seeds and husks to the number of 98 were found in 6 birds 
only ; oats 79 in 4 birds. Amongst other things found were the 
perianth of the rush, grass, scraps of roots, stones, and much coleop- 
terous debris in 3 birds. 
April. — Ninety-nine birds examined. These contained: — 215 
Leather Jackets (167 being T. oleracea , Linn., 2 T. paludosa , Mg., and 46 
T. lateralis ? Nig.) ; 7 Click Beetles [Agriotes and Athous) ; 32 Wireworms ; 
2 Muscid larvae ? ; 36 Clover Weevils [Sitones flavescens , Marsh) and 4 
Sitones hispidula, Fabr. ; 4 Hypera Weevils [Hypera punctata) ; 115 
Raspberry Weevils [Otiorhynchus picipes, Fabr.) ; 3 Barynotus Weevils 
[Barynotus obscurus) ; 8 Staphylinids* ; 1 Xanthobium longiventris ; 2 
Ground Beetles [Steropus madidus , Fabr., and Harpalus ruficornis , Fabr.) ; 
2 Turnip Flea Beetles [Phyllotreta undulata ) ; 13 Dung Beetles [Aphodius 
fimetarius , granaria and fossor)* ; 1 Therevid larva; 7 Dark Arches 
Moth larvae [Xylophasia polyodon , Linn.) ; 107 Earwigs [Forficula 
auricularia) and remnants of 2 flies. Millepedes [Julus londinensis), 
3 ; Spiders,* 4. 
