72 
Massee.—A Monograph of 
304 ; Mass., Mon. Lyc. n. 36 ; Karst., Myc. Fetln. iii, 362 ; 
Barla, t. 4 6, f. 10-11 ; Wint, Kr. FI. 905; Vitt., Mon. Lyc/ 
196, t. 2, f. 9 ; Grev., t. 304 ; FI. Dan. t. 1680, f. 1. 
Utraria pyriformis , Quel., Champ. Jur. et Vosg. 360 ; 
Quel., Enchirid. 242. 
Exs. — Sacc., Myc. Ven. 108; Cke., Fung. Brit. 517 and 
215 ; Klotzsch (Rab.), Herb. Myc. 142: Oudem., Fung. Nderl. 
1 19 ; Desm., Cr. Fr. ser. i, 526 ; Jack, Leiner u. Sitzenberger, 
Krypt. Badens, 552 ; Thum., Fung. Austr. 839 ; Fuckel, Fung. 
Rhen. 1260: Karst, Fung. Fenn. 286; Roumeg., Gall. 3309; 
Sydow, Myc. March. 917; Rav., Fung. Amer. 469; Rav., 
Fung. Car. 72 ; Fung. Cubenses Wrightiani, 501. 
On rotten wood and on the ground. Generally distributed. 
Chiselhurst! Kew! Norwich! Chester! Scarborough! Carlisle! 
Edinburgh! — Europe; North America; Arctic America; 
Cuba ; Venezuela ; Galapagos Islands ; Sikkim Himalayas 
(4-7000 ft.); Bombay; Japan; New Guinea; Tasmania; New 
Zealand ; Australia. 
Generally tufted, especially when growing on wood, and 
held together by numerous white fibrous cord-like strands of 
mycelium. The typical form of the peridium is pyriform 
or turbinate, with a distinct umbo, but a subglobose almost 
sessile peridium is not unusual. 
Var. excipuliforme, Desmaz. 
Caespitose, peridium subglobose, rufous-umber, covered 
above with very slender conical warts, contracted abruptly 
into a slender, equal, elongated stem-like base, root of long, 
white, cord-like strands. Capillitium and spores as in type. 
Lycoperdon pyriforme , var. excipuliforme , Desm., Crypt. 
France, ser. i, no. 1152 ; Mass., Mon. Lyc. n. 36. 
On the ground. Kew Gardens! — France. 
Readily distinguished from the typical form by the sub- 
globose peridium and elongated, equal, slender, stem-like base. 
Lycoperdon per latum, Pers. (Fig. 31). Peridium variable, 
subglobose with an elongated stem-like base; subglobose or 
