British Gastromycetes. 93 
Figs. 31, 31 a. Lycoperdon perlatum , pers. 31, plant, nat. size; ^"cellular 
stem-like base ; b, peridium ; c, capillitium from which the spores have been 
blown away; 31 a, spores (x 400), the large one x 1000. 
Fig. 32. Lycoperdon echinatum , Pers. Portion of external surface of peridium 
slightly x ; a, spines; b, small persistent warts arranged round the spines; c } 
smooth scars on surface of inner layer of peridium from where the spines have 
fallen away. 
Figs. 33-33 b. Tulostoma mammosum , Fr. 33, group of plants, nat. size ; 
a, peridium ; b, the umbonate mouth or ostioluin ; c, elongated stem-like base of 
peridium ; d, basal remains of the external sheath of stem which is ruptured at the 
commencement of elongation of the axial portion ; 33 a, basidia with lateral spores 
(X 400), after Schroter, Cohn’s Beitr. ii, p. 66; 33 b, spores and portion of a 
thread from the capillitium showing the swollen septum ( x 400). 
Fig. 34. Tulostoma mammosum , Fr. Median longitudinal section, nat. size ; 
a, peridium ; b, basal portion of peridium ruptured by the elongation of the axial 
portion, c, of the stem-like base ; d, gleba. (After Vittadini.) 
Figs. 35, 35 a. Scleroderma geaster, Fr. Mature specimen after dehiscence of 
the peridium, showing the irregularly stellate opening ; 35 a, spores ( x 400). 
Fig. 36. Sclerodenna bovista, Fr. Spore and portion of capillitium thread 
showing a transverse septum with clamp-connection ( x 400). 
Figs* 3 7 > 37 Nidularia pisiformis, Tul. A group of plants, nat. size ; 37 a, 
portion of hymenium ; a, basidium ; b, one of the four sterigmata ; c, spore ; d, 
cystidium ; e, e , paraphyses ( x 400). 
Figs. 38,38 a. Nidularia Berkeleyi , Mass. 38, plant ( x 15) ; 38 a, spores 
( x 400). (Drawn from type in Herb. Berk.) 
Figs. 39, 39 a. Bovista nigrescens , Pers. 39, plant, nat, size ; a , inner per- 
sistent layer of peridium ; b, outer evanescent layer of peridium ; 39 a, spores with 
the persistent sterigmata ( x 400). 
Figs. 40, 40 a. Bovista ammophila, , Lev. 40, plant, nat. size ; 40 a, spores 
( x 400). 
Fig. 41. Geaster Berkeleyi, Mass. Inner peridium, nat. size. (From type in 
Herb. Berk.) 
Figs. 42, 42 a. Geaster fornicatus , Fr. 42, a mature well-grown specimen, 
nat. size; a, outer brown portion of fibrillose layer; b, inner white portion of 
fibrillose-layer ; c, ruptured collenchyma-layer ; d, inner peridium; 42 a, spores 
( x 400), the larger one x 1000. 
PLATE III. 
Figs. 43, 43 c. Mutinus caninus (Fr.), Fischer. 43, mature plant ; a, volva ; 
b, receptaculum ; c, sporiferous portion, nat. size ; 43 a, section of plant before the 
rupture of the volva, nat. size ; 43 b , section through apical sporiferous portion of 
the receptaculum, nat. size ; 43 c, spores ( x 400). 
Figs. 44, 44^. Ithy phallus caninus (Fr.), Fischer. 44, mature plant, nat. 
size ; a , volva ; b, receptaculum ; c, ‘ pileus ’ after removal of the olive mucus 
containing the spores ; d, perforate apex of the receptaculum ; 44 a, section through 
apical portion of receptaculum, a ; b, ‘ pileus,’ nat. size ; 44 c, compressed cavities, 
as seen in the wall of the receptaculum while yet within the volva ( x 3) ; 44 b, 
median longitudinal section of young plant before the rupture of the volva ; a — c, 
