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Mas see. — A Monograph of 
volva ; a , outer layer ; c, inner layer ; b, central mucilaginous layer ; d, gleba ; 
e, one of the ribs of the ‘ pileus,’ which form the polygonal elevations on its peri- 
pheral surface;^ receptaculum ; g, cord-like mycelium, nat. size; 44 d, basidia 
and spores ( x 400). 
Figs. 45, 45 b. Scleroderma vulgare, Fr. 45, plant, nat. size ; 45 a, median 
longitudinal section ; a , peridium ; b, thickened sterile base of peridium ; c, 
gleba ; d, whitish tramal plates, nat. size ; 45 ^ spores ( x 400). 
Figs. 46, 46 b. Clathrus cancellatus , L. 46, mature expanded plant ; a , volva 
ruptured in an irregularly stellate manner ; b, receptaculum from which the mucus 
has been removed ; 46 a , basidia and spores ( x 400). 
Fig. 47. Scleroderma verrucosum, P. Spores ( x 400). 
Figs. 48, 48 a. Cyathus striatus , Hoffm. 48, a group of plants ( x about 
twice) ; 48 a, a peridiolum with its funiculus ; a, peridiolum in median longitudinal 
section ; b — d , funiculus ; b, hollow thickened portion cut open to show the coil of 
hyphae, e, e', contained in its interior, which has been stretched out at e ; c, central 
constricted isthmus-like portion of funiculus ; d , basal thick portion which is 
attached to the wall of the peridium, x (after Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, 
vol. i). 
Fig. 49. Cyathus vernicosus, D. C. Peridiolum, a ; funiculus, b ; portion of 
inner wall of peridium to which the funiculus is attached, c ( x 40). 
Fig- 50 . Cyathus vernicosus , D. C. Median longitudinal section through a 
peridiolum ; a , outer brown fibrous layer ; b, inner dense tramal wall from which 
the hymenial elements originate and project into the central cavity, c ; d, portion 
of funiculus ( x 50). 
Figs. 51, 51 a. Cyathus vernicosus , D. C. 51, group of plants, nat. size; 
a , peridium ; b, peridiolum ; 5 1 a, spores ( x 400) . 
Figs. 52-52 b. Crucibulum vulgare , Tul. 52, group of plants, nat. size; 
52 a, peridiolum with its funiculus ( x 40) ; 52 b, spores ( x 400). 
Figs. 53, 533. Polysaccum pisocarpium , Fr. 53, plant, nat. size; 53 a, spores 
( x 400) ; 53 b, portion of gleba showing tramal plates, nat. size. 
PLATE IV. 
Fig. 54. Hymenogaster tener , Berk. Section through a portion of the peridium 
and gleba ; a, a, central portion of tramal plates showing the hyphae running more 
or less parallel to the walls of the cavities ; b, b, hymenial elements consisting of 
basidia and paraphyses, which originate from the central hyphae of the tramal 
plates ; c, c, spores ; d, d, cavities of the gleba ; e, outer surface of peridium ( x 80). 
Figs. 55-55 c. Sphaerobolus stellatus , Tode. 55, diagrammatic median 
longitudinal section before rupture of the peridium ; m, mycelial-layer ; p, pseudo- 
parenchyma-layer ; f, split-layer ; c, collenchyma-layer ; s, gleba ; 55 a, dia- 
grammatic median longitudinal section after the rupture of the peridium at the 
apex, letters same as in Fig. 55 ; 55 b, diagrammatic median longitudinal section 
after extrusion of the collenchyma-layer and split layer, and ejection of the gleba, 
letters as in Fig. 55 (after Fischer, Bot. Ztg. 1884); 55 c, basidia and spores 
( x 400). 
Figs. 56, 56 a. Geaster Bryantii , Berk. 56, endoperidium, nat. size ; 56 a , 
spores ( x 400), the large one x 1000, (drawn from type specimen in Herb. Berk , 
Kew). 
