io8 Barber. — On a change of Flowers to 
members of ascending spirals, and it is possible that a similar 
arrangement of parts is to be met with in this case 1 . 
Fig. 7 shows an older bud from which all the sepals but 
one have fallen. Some of the foliage-leaves have also been 
cut off, but one remains to show that they are perfect in their 
formation. Strong adventitious roots of great length are 
given off from the bud 5 having their origin, here, as in Fig. 5, 
in the leaf-bases 2 . 
Finally, the whole surface is covered by a dense coating of 
hairs. 
In Fig. 9 is drawn a specimen bearing axillary buds ; and 
in the same specimen may be seen the persistent root-caps of 
Nymphaeaceous roots 3 . 
The abundant formation of roots, and the occasional 
protrusion of buds, may perhaps be associated with the form- 
ation of foliage-leaves upon the flower. The leaves no doubt 
assist in supplying the stores of nutriment which result in the 
formation of the spherical tuber ; but the development of 
buds, and the unnecessary formation of long adventitious 
roots, while the bud is still borne on high in the water by the 
long flower-stalk, appear to be due to incomplete adaptation to 
surroundings. If one might so express it, the bud does not 
appear to be quite aware of its abnormal position ; and, as 
soon as it becomes changed to a vegetative shoot, puts forth 
all the correlated organs which, however, would be of use 
only in the natural position of such a shoot, namely, in the 
mud. 
The tuber at this stage of development is pushed outwards 
and downwards by its lengthening stalk ; and frequently 
becomes nearly invisible from the surface of the water, so 
1 Eichler, Bliithendiagramme, ii. 185. 
2 This origin of the roots is not at all abnormal : for it is a well-marked character 
in the group, that, after the short-lived primary embryonic root has died (Fig. 14), 
all secondary roots have their origin in the leaf-bases, rarely, if ever, arising from 
other parts of the stem. It is noteworthy that the sepals, and sepaloid leaves 
inside them, do not bear adventitious roots arising from their bases. In one case 
only, a transitional leaf was seen to bear one root (see note on p. no). 
3 De Bary, Comp. Anat. p. 413. 
