Lemaneaceae of the United States. 1 8 1 
specimens of the form next to be described. The prostrate 
form fixes the plant to the substratum. It is either cellular 
or confervoid. The cellular prostrate form is an irregular 
mass of polyhedral cells spread over the surfaces of rocks in 
the places where the plant grows. If a section is made 
through this tissue perpendicularly to the rock, the cells will 
be seen to appear like those represented in Fig. 5 a\ Fig. 8 a 
and a\ or Fig. 4 a. Sometimes rhizoids like Fig. 6 b are 
intermingled with the cellular tissue. 
The confervoid prostrate form is a weft of slender confer- 
void filaments more or less compactly twisted and matted 
together ; Fig 24 a represents a few of these filaments some- 
what disentangled. Among the elements of the confervoid 
prostrate form there occur rarely polyhedral cells similar in 
form to those described for the cellular prostrate form. 
2. Chan transia-ioxm 1 . The second form in the life-history 
of the plant is Chantransia- like. It gives rise to a special 
branch, the sexual shoot. It is developed mainly from the 
prostrate form, as erect lateral shoots ; rarely it is developed 
directly from the spores. Though it has a Chantransia - aspect 
it produces no gonidia. The branched filaments are com- 
posed of single series of elongated cells placed end to end. 
Figs. 6, 8, 10, 24, 26, represent the Chantransia-ioxm. The 
endochrome gives to the Chantransia-ioxm a yellowish-bluish 
or green color, in some species violet. Its period of develop- 
ment is from October to the first or middle of the winter 
months, sometimes fragments lingering until late spring. 
The prostrate form, and Chantransia-ioxm , constitute what 
is sometimes termed the vegetative stage 2 of the plant. It is 
the protonema, and bears a striking resemblance to the proto- 
nema of the Mosses. 
3. Sexual Shoot 3 . The third and last form of the plant is 
1 Wartmann, loc. cit., ‘aufrechte Strahlen ; * Sirodot, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., loc. cit., 
‘ Thalle ; ’ Bornemann, loc. cit., ‘ Thallus.’ 
2 Wartmann, loc. cit., ‘ Vorkeim ; ’ Ketel, loc. cit., * Vorkeim.’ 
3 Wartmann, loc. cit., ‘ Faden Sirodot, loc. cit, ‘Filament fructifere ; ’ Ketel, 
loc. cit., ‘Thallus; ’ Bornemann, loc. cit., ‘ Fruchtkorper.’ 
