Lemaneaceae of the United States. 19 1 
sexual shoots of different sizes growing from these, giving the 
appearance of a profusely branched specimen. In such 
specimens I have found spores germinating as late in the 
season as March. The conditions under which germination 
took place in the species studied by myself were normal. 
The specimens of L. fncina were from Bolan’s and Morgan’s 
Creek, Chapel Hill, N. C., and the specimens of L. australis 
were from Morgan’s Creek, Chapel Hill, N. C., and the Broad 
river, Columbia, S. C. The streams during the autumn and 
early winter were not at any time during the period below 
their normal depth, and part of the time were subject to 
floods. 
Vaucher 1 observed the phenomenon I have described as a 
result of germination of the spores yet within the sexual 
shoot in Lemanea fluviatilis A g., at first considering it a 
means of reproduction by budding. By later investigations 
he found it was a development from the spores still within 
the sexual shoot. He was the first to observe the germina- 
tion of the spores, though he erred in thinking the germ-tube 
developed directly into new sexual shoots. 
Wartmann 2 next studied the germination of the spores in 
Lemanea annulata Kiitz 3 . From his figures it appears that 
the germ-tube produces principally confervoid elements, which 
we find to predominate in the subgenus Lemanea , in the 
prostrate form. He describes and illustrates the development 
from the rhizoids of enlarged cells, sometimes several united 
into a short filament, which seems to be characteristic of this 
species, especially the development of enlarged cells at the 
base of the axes of the Ckantransia-form. 
Sirodot 4 did not observe the germination of the spores, and 
thought what Vaucher interpreted to be young sexual shoots 
1 Histoire d. Conferves d’eau douce, pp. 91-95, 1805. 
2 Beitrage zur Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Algengattung 
Lemanea , pp. 11-13, 1854. 
3 The species which was made the subject of his Inaugural Dissertation he 
called L.fluviatilis, but it clearly belongs to the subgenus Lemanea . 
4 Ann. d. Sci. Nat., loc. cit., p. 52, 1872. 
