Lemaneaccae of the United States. 213 
Kiltzing. — Phyc. gen. Leipzig, 1843. Species Alg. 1849. Tab. phyc. 
Link. — Neues Jour. Bot. Erfurt, p. 9, 1809. Jahresberichte, ii. d. Arb. fur pbys. 
Bot. Berlin, vi. 
Lyngby. — Tent. Hydrophyt. dan. Hafniae, p. 99, 1819. 
Montague. — Phycologie libers, v. Muller. Halle, p. 20, 1851. 
Rabenhorst. — Deutsch. Krypt. Flora, Handbuch II. Leipzig, p. 175. Flora 
Europ. Alg. Aquae dulcis et submar. iii. pp. 411-412, 1864-68. 
Schmitz, Fr. — Untersuch. ii. d. Befruchtung d. Florideen. Berlin, 1883. 
Sirodot. — liltude Anat. Org. et. Phys. sur les Lemaneacees, Ann. Sci. Nat. 5th ser. 
Bot. xvi. Paris, 1872. Comptes Rendues. Paris, 1873, vol. lxxvi. p. 1336. 
Les Batrachospermes. Paris, 1884. Observations sur le Developpement d. 
Alg. d’eau douce comp. 1 . genre Batrachospermum , Bull. d. 1 . Soc. bot. d. 
France, xxii. 1875. 
Thwaites. — Proceedings Linn. Soc. i. pp. 360-61, 1849; Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 
pp. 399-402, 1851 ; and in Mohl und Schlechtenthal, Bot. Ztg. p. 422, 1848. 
Vaucher. — Hist. d. Conferv. Paris, 1803. 
Vines. — Apospory in the Characeae, Annals of Bot. vol. i. No. 2, pp. 177-178, 
1887. 
Wartmann. — Beitrage z. Anat. u. Entwicklungsgeschichte d. Lemanea. St. Gallen, 
1854. 
Wolle. — Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, p. 183, 1877; Ibid. p. 288, 1879. Fresh Wat. 
Alg. U. S., Text and Plates, 1887. 
Wood. — Fresh Wat. Alg. U. S. pp. 221-224; Smithsonian Cont. vol. xix. 1872. 
VI. Systematic Part. 
Family LEMANEACEAE. 
Sexual shoots cartilaginous, simple or branched, elongate, 
cylindrical, tubular, torulose with the regularly recurring 
enlargements well marked or barely perceptible ; central axis 
naked or covered by slender filaments ; ray-cells in whorls of 
four in the middle of each procarp-zone ; generative filaments 
lying longitudinally along the interior face of the wall, producing 
laterally the procarps, terminally the antheridia. Antherid- 
zones smooth, angular, or knotty : antheridia numerous, pro- 
duced in well-defined patches or bands on the external face of 
the antherid-zone. Procarps of three to several oval cells, 
the terminal one, carpogenic cell, within the tissue of the 
wall, the trichogyne penetrating to the exterior. Carpospores 
oval, oblong, or spherical, produced in dense clusters of radiating, 
