Lemaneaceae of the United States . 223 
green, sometimes of an obscure tint of violet, sometimes 
reddening the water in which they stand, confined to the 
basal cells of the Chantransia-iorm or arising in the middle 
branching. When young usually preserving color in drying. 
In age drying yellowish, greenish, or blackish ; from 2 cm- 
40 cm. long, very delicate or stout, usually pedicelled by 
an abrupt contraction at the beginning of the fertile por- 
tion, strongly so in stout specimens ; simple or very much 
branched ; branches distributed all along the main axis of the 
sexual shoot ; main axis reaching beyond the branches and 
easily traced, or indistinguishable from them ; branches uni- 
lateral, or fasciculate or both ; when profusely branched the 
final branches slender, often capillary, stouter in age by the 
breaking away of the capillary summits. Procarp-zone nearly 
cylindrical, or constricted in the middle ; antherid-papillae 
plane or prominent, so that the sexual shoot varies from 
cylindrical to torulose, or with regularly recurring whorls of 
prominent papillae. Papillae in verticils of two to seven, 
sometimes irregular, often confluent, sometimes increasing 
after fertilization by hypertrophy of the tissue beneath the 
antheridia, so that they are very prominent in age, sometimes 
less prominent after fertilization ; procarp-zones in some speci- 
mens strongly constricted just above the antherid-zone, so 
that with the next antherid-zone it appears nearly clavate, 
more strongly so in age and toward the distal end of the 
sexual shoot. Antherid-zones sometimes distant, sometimes 
rather near each other. Procarps developed in and near the 
antherid-zone, never in the middle of the procarp-zone, so 
that at maturity the clusters of spores alternate with the 
sterile middle portions of the procarp-zone ; spores when 
mature giving a darker color to the sexual shoots. 
This species, as limited here, is very widely distributed and 
subject to great variations. Beside the fucina of Bory, I have 
included in it the rigida and mamillosa of Sirodot (S acker ia 
rigida et 6*. mamillosa). Sirodot’s characterization of the 
Chantransia - form of rigida and fucina differs only in that the 
sexual shoots arise from the basal cells in rigida , while in 
