224 Atkinson . — A Monograph of the 
fucina they arise also in the middle branching, and the ends 
are pilose. I have studied good specimens of rigida from 
Ithaca, N. Y., in all stages of development. In these the 
sexual shoots arise also in the middle branching, and the ends 
of the branches are sometimes pilose. The other differentiating 
characters given are that rigida is stouter (though Sirodot 
admits some slender forms), and the papillae are sometimes 
more numerous and often confluent. Kiitzing 1 made fucina 
Bory, and subtilis A g., each varieties of his mamillosa , and 
dichotoma D. C. a synonym. Rabenhorst 2 , giving priority to 
Bory’s species, made subtilis a variety of fucina Bory, and 
reduced both mamillosa Kiitz. and dichotoma D. C. to 
synonyms.. Sirodot 3 , instead of uniting them all under one 
variable species, as he should have done, followed Bory in 
upholding the specific identity of fucina and dichotoma , re- 
jecting the name dichotoma , for which he used rigida. He 
then made mamillosa a species, although he had no specimens 
of the Chantransia-i orm of this variety, and his specimens of 
the variety subtilis indicated the transition of mamillosa to 
fucina ; but he refrained from uniting them until the Chan- 
transia-iovm of mamillosa and var. subtilis should be compared 
with that of fucina. I have had some very fine specimens of 
subtilis from the ‘ Cascades,’ Melrose, Mass., and the Chan - 
transia- form is identical with that of fucina as characterized 
by Sirodot. 
I have specimens from Bolan’s Creek, Chapel Hill, N. C., 
which I at first referred to mamillosa Sird’t., so regularly did 
the papillae and color of the young sexual shoots agree with 
that form, though the branching was not quite so profuse. But 
variations in some of the material appeared, and specimens of 
the same species from Morgan’s Creek, Chapel Hill, N. C., 
showed a farther departure, and agreed in the Chantransia- 
form and papillae (3-7 often confluent) with rigida Sird’t., 
and many specimens varying to mamillosa Sird’t. Sirodot 
recognized great variations in size and branching in his 
rigida . 
1 Loc. cit. 
2 Loc. cit. 
3 Loc. cit. 
