Oliver —On Sar codes sanguined , Torr . 317 
the anther: dehiscence is thus extrorse. The method of 
dehiscence is of some interest. The two oval pores situate on 
the dorsal (outer) side of the anther are shown in Fig. 5. The 
pores lead, immediately only, into the two loculi which are 
directed away from the ovary (Fig. 6 , A). During develop- 
ment (after the maturing of the pollen) the walls separating 
the anterior and posterior loculi of each anther-half break 
down, so that pollen formed in the loculi towards the ovary 
can likewise escape by these pores. Fig. 6, A, B, and C, re- 
present transverse sections of the anther taken at heights 
corresponding to A, B, and C in Fig. 5. A alone traverses 
the region of dehiscence and shows the openings leading into 
the dorsal cavities. The wall that breaks down in develop- 
ment is indicated by dotted lines. 
Dehiscence is not effected by any ‘ fibrous layer,’ but the 
epidermis in the region where rupture occurs is strongly de- 
veloped and columnar ; dehiscence is caused by the separation 
of these cells along a certain line as they dry. This is shown 
in Fig. 7, which represents as it were the left-hand bottom 
corner of such a section as Fig. 6, A. The dorsal loculus ( dl ) 
very small, then the broken down partition (/), and the much 
larger ventral loculus ( v /). Noteworthy is the occurrence of 
a strand of fibrous and lignified cells (f in Fig. 7) immediately 
below the epidermis. This strand runs down the outer lip of 
the pore. A dotted line around the left pore (Fig. 5) marks 
the course of the strand in question. I attribute a strengthening 
function to this hardened tissue ; perhaps it prevents rupture 
of the wall of the anther directly into the ventral loculus (as 
at such a point as x). Fig. 8 is a transverse section across a 
young anther, just after the partitions have broken down, but 
before any opening to the outside has been made. 
The pollen is powdery and simple, and not massed together, 
as in many Monotropeae. The grains are spherical, with 
outer and inner walls (Figs. 13, 14, and 15). The two nuclei 
of each grain are very easily seen on staining. One is spherical 
(the vegetative nucleus), the other spindle-shaped (the genera- 
tive nucleus) and curved in a crescentic manner (Figs. 13 and 
