360 Bower — On antithetic as distinct from 
complete suppression ; but still there is sufficient closeness of 
sequence between changes of external condition and modes 
of propagation in such a group as the Mucorini to justify the 
above conclusion. Similarly in the case of other Fungi, 
accepting the homologies indicated by De Bary 1 , into the 
details of which it is unnecessary at present to enter, those 
reproductive cells which he has styled gonidia are collectively 
to be viewed as mere vegetative amplifications of the life- 
cycle, and comparable to that gametophytic budding, which 
has been so styled in the Algae, and also in the Mosses and 
Ferns. Further, the comprehensive view given by De Bary 
of the occurrence or non-occurrence of such budding within 
certain families 2 falls in with the corresponding irregularity of 
its occurrence in the Archegoniatae, and in the Algae. 
It has now been pointed out that an antithetic alternation 
such as that in the archegoniate series is absent from the life- 
cycle of certain Algae and Fungi, in which the attempt has 
been made by some writers to trace it : the further question 
remains whether or not there is an antithetic alternation in 
any of the Thallophytes. Taking first the green Algae, well- 
known cases of formation of the fruit body with spores, or 
rather carpospores in the sense of De Bary 3 , have long been 
recognised in Oedogonium and Coleochaete and probably also 
in Ulothrix , &c., and in a minor degree in some Desmids : here 
the zygote, instead of remaining undivided, and germinating 
directly into a new oophyte, undergoes a process of segmen- 
tation to form two, four, or more carpospores each of which 
may grow into a new individual gametophyte. As regards 
their origin and their position in the life-cycle, these correspond 
to the true spores (or carpospores) of the Liverwort, or Moss, 
or Fern ; but there the similarity ends, for they differ in the 
circumstances under which they are formed, as well as in 
the bodies immediately produced from them, which are in 
the one case motile, in the other fixed. I should be disposed, 
therefore, while classifying these spores as carpospores in 
1 Fungi, Eng. Ed., p. 223. 2 Fungi, pp. 224, 337, &c. 
Fungi, p. 129. 
