245 
Dischidia rafflesictna {Wall). 
in longitudinal section. Excellent figures showing the habit 
will be found in the works of previous writers on the subject, 
especially in those of Wallich, Treub, and Beccari 1 . One or 
more adventitious roots arise at the base of the pitcher, and 
grow into its cavity, branching abundantly within it. Many 
of the pitchers are pendulous, others are horizontal, and some 
stand erect, with the opening turned downwards. 
We do not propose to discuss the older literature, a sufficient 
account of which will be found in Treub’s memoir. The 
principal papers, in addition to Wallich’s original description 
of the species, are cited below 2 . 
As regards the morphology, Treub showed, by a study of 
the development, that the pitcher is a modified leaf, in which 
the inner surface corresponds to the lower surface of the 
normal foliage-leaf. He shows how the apical growth of the 
young pitcher is early arrested, and succeeded by an extremely 
vigorous intercalary growth of the middle portion of the 
organ, the growth being greater towards the morphologically 
upper surface, which thus becomes convex, while the lower 
surface becomes more and more concave. All stages of the 
process are figured in his paper. In the mature pitcher, 
therefore, the morphological apex is situated in the median 
line of the infolded margin at the mouth of the pitcher, at 
a point exactly opposite the point of attachment of the 
petiole to the lamina (see our Fig. i). 
On the question of the physiology of the pitchers, Treub 
rejects alike the hypothesis of Beccari, who regards the 
1 Wallich, Plantae asiaticae rariores, 1831, vol. ii. Tab. 142. This is a 
magnificent plate, and gives a most impressive idea of the habit of a fine specimen ; 
Treub, loc. cit. ; Beccari, Malesia, vol. ii. Piante Ospitatrici, 1886. Various species 
of Dischidia are figured. 
2 Robert Brown, Miscellaneous Works, vol. ii. p. 357 (published originally in 
1832). This paper is on Cephalotus , and only contains a short reference to 
Dischidia ; Griffith, Ascidia and stomata of Dischidia rajjlesiana , Trans. Linn. 
Soc. 1851, vol. xx. Also in Notulae, vol. iv. 1854, where several species of 
Dischidia are described ; Morren, Morphologie des Ascidies, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 
Ser. II, t. xi. 1839; Beccari, Malesia, vol. i. His more recent and important 
work in vol. ii. has already been cited. Delpino, Nuovo Giom. Bot. Italiano, 
vol. iii. 1871. A more recent paper is cited below. 
