422 Macfarlane . — Observations on Pitcher ed 
than that of N. Hookeri , but its teeth are more strongly 
developed, and the collar rises up as a posterior neck-like 
elongation of the pitcher ; the lid is large, and rarely vertical, 
more often inclined inwards over the cavity. The inner lid- 
surface has attractive glands in abundance along its lateral 
grooves, but these are scarce or absent at the sides and along 
the middle. The marginal glands are ampullate, but larger 
and with a nearly blunt nipple as compared with the smaller 
glands of N. Hookeri and N. ampullaria , which have well- 
marked nipples. The conducting area is here a rim about 
a quarter of an inch wide, which expands behind into 
a deltoid space about three quarters of an inch to an inch 
in depth in pitchers of average size. The digestive surface 
shows larger glands than in either of the preceding. 
From N. Rafflesiana , or some nearly related form that may 
now be extinct, several lines of modification proceed. Thus 
N. bicalcarata has pitchers greatly like the ground ones of 
N. Rafflesiana. The elongation of the collar posteriorly, and 
the shape of its teeth, the size and shape of its marginal 
glands, and the disposition of the conducting and secreting 
surfaces, all conform to the last type. It shows an advance in 
the abundant development of attractive lid-glands and the 
great elongation of the posterior teeth of the collar into two 
long curved processes, the use of which has been very inge- 
niously accounted for by Mr. Burbidge. 
From nearly the same starting-point another line can be 
pursued which leads us to N. Veitchii , with tubular ovoid 
pitchers having a hairy external surface, broad frill-like collar, 
and incurved lid. Its entire glandular arrangement corresponds 
closely with that of N. Rafflesiana , though showing advance 
in several details. N. Celebica , with its very large lid-glands, 
broad collar, and rather deeper conducting surface, advances 
again beyond N. Veitchii. I can scarcely help regarding 
N. Curtisii as a hybrid between N. Veitchii and some dark 
crimson form with narrow elongated pitcher, at present un- 
known to us. N. villosa, N. Harryana , and N. Edwardsiana 
represent types of advancing specialization along the line of N. 
