426 Mac far lane. — Observations on Pitchered 
when it approaches the gland, splits up into five or six 
branches that run down close against its side and near to its 
free end. Each gland, therefore, is surrounded by a circle of 
bundles (Plate XX, Fig. 13). 
(1 b ) General mesophyll-tissue. This has been fully described 
by several authors, and consists of large loose cells interspersed 
with many long spiral cells, such as are so abundantly found 
in the stem. The latter must give a high degree of tenacity 
and flexibility to the plant. But, as in the Sarracenias, the 
mesophyll-cells beneath the inner pitcher epidermis show 
secondary deposits of thickening matter on the primary mem- 
brane in which unthickened spot-like areas are left. The 
centre of each is traversed by one, rarely two, pore-apertures, 
that can be easily demonstrated under a Zeiss D objective by 
proper light manipulation. For rapid transference of food- 
material the appropriateness of these being on the inner side, 
next the pitcher-cavity, is evident. 
(c) Epidermal modifications other than glands. At least 
three varieties of hair may be encountered over the outer 
surface of many species. Most common is the short, flat, 
brown hair made up of a shallow stalk-cell with five depressed 
cells at the top. Frequent with these (as in N. Veitchii , 
N. villosa , &c.) are compound tufted hairs, each made up 
of a stalk varying in length, which gives off five to fifteen 
arms. It is to the presence of this type of hair that the 
pilose or hairy aspect of many species is due. On the 
pitcher and outer sepal-surface of various species (e. g. N. 
villosa ), are long, simple, upward-directed hairs ; while those 
of N. bicalcarata are short, multicellular branching processes, 
the cells of which are jointed to each other in an oblique 
manner. 
Ordinary stomata occur on the under laminar surface, and 
are often very numerous. Peculiar £ minute reniform transverse 
excrescences 5 (Hooker), first noticed, so far as I am aware, by 
Oudemans 1 , are referred to as follows by Wunschmann 2 . 
1 De Beker-planten, Amsterdam, 1864. 
3 Ueber die Gattung Nepenthes , Berlin, 1872, p. 21. 
