434 Maefarlane. — Observations on Pitchered 
the whole interior of each pitcher in such types as N. ampul - 
laria> N. Hookeri , N. Lowii , N. Rajah , &c., and in such instances 
the glands next the orifice are small, but become gradually 
larger towards the pitcher-bottom. Thus in the most exag- 
gerated case, that of N. Lowii , the digestive glands nearest 
the orifice of the pitcher are inch in diameter in a large 
pitcher, but the shagreen-like areas formed by each below 
may be T \th of an inch in diameter (PL XXI, Fig. 35). As 
elongation of the pitcher and deepening of the conducting 
surface proceeds in the different species, they get restricted to 
the lower ventricose part. The size and number of cells com- 
posing each gland, the number of glands in a given area, and 
the size of the covering flap, may vary greatly ; and even in 
a single pitcher considerable variations may be observed. 
Thus in a large pitcher of N. Lowii the upper glands are of 
extremely small size, widely apart, and completely covered by 
a deep flap. Easy transitions can be traced till we reach the 
bottom, which is paved with huge glands stuck closely to- 
gether, and separated from each other by ridges of thick- 
walled cells (Fig. 35), which above may show a faint trace 
of a flap. Again, in such widely different forms as N. Rajah 
and N. albo-marginata there is a similar condition of things, 
though less pronounced. But in the two outlying species 
that are widely separated geographically, viz. N. Vieillardii 
of New Caledonia and N. Pervillei of the Seychelles, we 
have each gland sunk in a deep depression of the epidermis, 
which forms a bag-like covering with narrowed mouth 
directed downwards (PI. XXI, Fig. 34). The latter species 
is the most exaggerated. In N. Lowii the upper glands, 
though widely apart, amount in a square inch to about 
2.000, the very large densely-packed ones of the pitcher- 
bottom vary from 250-600 in a square inch. In N. bicalcarata 
the round button-like densely-set glands amount to from 
5,000-7,000 in a square inch. Hooker gives for N. Rafflesiana 
3.000, but even more may be counted in some pitchers of that 
species. In all cases their structure agrees with that of the 
alluring or attractive lid-glands. 
