permanent, at about 56 degrees; 
therefore cold in summer and warm 
in winter. It is the wintering 
quarter of thousands of bats of five 
new species of mine which resort 
to it in winter only from 100 miles 
around : and remain suspended to 
the roof in a half sleepy or torpid 
state. Each species appears to oc- 
cupy a gallery or room by itself. 
Large rats dwell there also in 
winter and feed on the bats they 
can catch or who fall; no snakes 
dwell there. In coming out of it 
in summer after an exploration, the 
outside air appears as sultry as an 
oven, and in winter so cold as to 
chill and be dangerous for the 
health, by the sudden change. 
This cave upon the whole ap- 
pears very similar to one of Siberia 
described by Gmelin. The roof is 
flat and lofty throughout. 
21. Geological Strata of Ohio and 
Kentucky. By C. S. R. 
The following are the series of 
Geological formations extending 
from Lake Erie in lat. 42° to Ten- 
nessee in lat. 36§° through Ohio, 
Indiana and Kentucky, chiefly ex- 
tracted from my Geology and Oryc- 
tology of Ohio and Kentucky. 
They are, as well as the Physical 
geography of these large states, 
almost unknown. The maps and 
accounts of.'Maclure and James 
are quite erroneous. 
The series begin at the deepest 
or lowest formation and strata 
nearly at the level of the sea, up to 
the highest in the Cumberland 
mountain about 1700 feet above the 
sea. But the tertiary formation or 
latest do not rise so high. They are 
all horizontal or nearly so, belonging 
to the Fioetz formations of Werner. 
They all contain more or less fossil 
remains of the most ancient order, 
including Alcyonites, Corals, and 
Triiobites, of 1000 new G. or N. 
Sp. mostly different from those of 
Europe and the Atlantic states. 
Primitive boulders are only 
found thinly scattered through 
Ohio as far south as lat. 89°^ I 
never saw a single one in Kentucky, 
but many gritty and limy angular 
boulders in some places. 
Successive Series , by Age. 
1. Lowest series of formations— 
Limestone, 
1. Compact L. Grey chiefly. 
2. Specular, blue. 
3. Oolitic, white. 
4. Shaly. 
5. Cherty. 
2d Series. Carbonic. 
1. Clay slate. 
2. Bituminous coal. 
3. Foliated slate. 
3d Series. Grit ( Gres of the French.) 
1. Pebble stone. 
2. Freestone. 
3. Gritstone, highest stratum. 
4. Sandstone, brown chiefly. 
5. Iron stone. 
4th Series. Clay. 
1. Ferruginous clay. 
2. Saliferous clay. 
3. Marly clay. 
4. Potters’ clay. 
5. Common clay. 
5th Series. Alluvial. 
1. Diluvium. 
2. Alluvion* 
But these formations do not 
always occur together; many are 
often lacking. When present the 
above is their respective position or 
most general succession of superin- 
cumbence. However there are 
many anomalies of position in vari- 
ous places, which baffle all the 
actual fanciful systems of Geology; 
but find a very easy solution in my 
natural theory. 
For instance, beds of coal are 
sometimes found between the strata 
or beds of limestone! instead of 
slate. Elsewhere between sand- 
stone above the slate. Large beds 
of limestone have often strata of 
clay from 1 to 6 inches thick be- 
tween each stratum of limestone, 
either marly or saliferous clay. 
Thus the coal and clay are out of 
their natural position, breaking the 
series made out in Europe for the 
whole world. 
