53 
er, or languages very nearly related. 
The same with the Zacatecas. 
Of the Mizteca Yater has given 
many words; he surmises that it is 
very near to the Othomiz or Otomi: 
and" he considers several other lan- 
guages of Anahuac as dialects of it; 
they are the Zoque, Lacandone, 
Marne, Zel tales or Celdales, Chia- 
paneca, Mazateca, Chochona, be- 
sides the Mixe and Cuiscateca al- 
ready mentioned. This if true 
would diminish the number of lan- 
guages of that region and extend the 
Mizteca nation far to the South and 
East in Guatimala, as the Otomi and 
Chichimecas will extend it far to the 
North. 
I have a good vocabulary before 
me of the Othomiz language by De 
Neve 1767,- and although only 10 
words can be found in the Mizteca 
of Yater, 5 of them are alike or simi- 
lar, which gives 50 percent, of mu- 
tual affinity and leaves little doubt 
of their primitive connection. These 
words are, 
(Othomiz) (Mizteca) 
Father Hta Dzutun 
Land Hay Gnuagnay. 
Nose Xinu Dztni. 
Son Batzi Dzaya. 
Bread Thume Dzite. 
The Chichimecas (Dog devils or 
Northern Dogs in Aztecas) are not 
a nation, but this appellation was 
given to all the northern wild tribes 
and foes of the Aztecas, even to one 
speaking the Azteca language, and 
lately to many of the Apaches, Skere 
or Pani tribes forming a nation 
spread from Anahuac to Oregon and 
Athabasca lake, among ' which the 
Shoshonis of Oregon bear also the 
name of Snake Indians as yet. 
In result I am led to believe that 
the Miztecas and Zapotecas were 
once with thejOtomis and many 
others, the snake nation of America, 
which did afterwards divide into the 
Dog and Cat tribes or Zapotecas and 
^Miztecas. The same has happened 
in Asia and North America where 
many nations ascribe their origin to 
Snake-men, Dog-men and Cat-men 
or people. 
The Olmecas or Olmec or Hub 
mecs of ancient Anahuac, whose 
name means Old Devils in Azteca, 
are said to have settled in Anahuac 
after the Othomiz, but with their 
allies the Xicallaneas or Xicayans, 
whose name we may recognise in 
the Cuycatecas of modern times, and 
were probably the old Zapotecas, 
the Southern Miztecas are yet called 
Xicayans. 
Their settlement is so ancient that 
it is beyond the Azteca and even 
Tolteca chronology. It happened 
after the sway of Gods, Giants and 
Apes (different nations.) They con- 
quered and expelled the Giants or 
Titans of Anahuac called Tuiname- 
tin and Tzocuitlixeque, and took 
the name of Tequehes or People of 
Tygers. They were divided into 3 
tribes, Olmecas, Xicalans and Zaca- 
tecas speaking the same language! 
(see Torquemada.) They came from 
the snowy mountains, and united for 
this conquest under the king Coxa- 
natecuhtii, building many cities and 
ruling a long while over Anahuac. 
Another tradition traces the origin 
of the Hulmecas to Hulmecatl bro- 
ther of Xelhua, the Noah of Anahu- 
ac, and indicates several dynasties 
ruling successively their empire, 1, 
Ulmec, 2. Cochoblam, 3. Quetzal- 
coatl, the famous Legislator of Cho- 
lula, 4. Huemac, and ends by Colo- 
pecthtli last king killed by the Tlas- 
calans towards 1196 of our era, who 
drove them to the East settling in 
their country. The last we hear of 
the Ulmecas in the Aztec history is 
in 1457 and 1467 when those of Co- 
tasta on the sea shore were conquer- 
ed by Montezuma I. While this 
name disappears from history, that 
of the Miztecas and Zapotecas ap- 
pears in the same place or to the S. 
E. of Mexico, and thus the evidence 
is complete that they were the same 
nation under different names. 
In 1454 the Miztecas won a great 
battle over the Aztecas and their ab 
