see 
eyes. 
Greeni he shall select probably the 
best. Singular G. without eyes? but 
with a big central knob like an eye, 
only the head known, trilobate, with 
a fine reticulated forehead. 2 sp 
Green’s work. 
IV. Section or Series. No 
ANopsiTES,Raf. 
12. Agnostes, Br. 1622 . Batus , 
D. 1826. 
13. Farad oxides, Br. 1822. Ole- 
nus , D. 3^826. 
14. Ampyx, Dolman, 1826. ThO' 
rax with few segments, abdomen or 
tail expanded. 
15. Retusites, Raf. 1821. Head 
refuse or biiobe, body trilobate with 
many segments, abd. not expanded. 
1. Type. H.levis: Head short sub- 
bilobe, about 20 segments, middle 
lobe narrow. In Ohio. 
It will be noticed that I have call- 
ed head, thorax and abdomen, what 
others call clypeus, abdomen and 
tail : my view has more conformity 
with the living genera, and whatever 
bear eyes must be a head. 
18. On the Salses of Europe and America. 
Spallanzani gave the name of salses to 
the mud volcanoes of Italy, which com- 
monly throw out salt water at the same 
lime. This name has been properly ap- 
plied as a generic name to all the volca- 
noes which throw mud, slime, clay, marl, 
lime, sand, he. instead of lava, stones, 
gravel, pumice, cinders, obsidian, he. 
Water, air, gases, fumes, sulphur, iron 
and many other substances, are common 
to all the volcanoes, of which there are 
at least 4 series. Earthquakes, heat and 
fire, are more or less commonto all in some 
of their paroxysms. And all the volcanoes 
exist within two peculiars fluids, air or 
water. The Aerial volcanoes or salses 
are those acting in the atmosphere, the 
aquatic volcanoes those existing under 
the water of the sea. 
The 4 series of volcanoes are, 
They are found all over the world, 
but those of Asia* Africa and Polynesia are 
little known as yet. Those of Europe 
have only been observed within 50 years, 
and those of North America by myself 
within 1 6 years. 
The principal salses of Europe are now 
1. Those of Italy, in Modena, the 
Apennines, and Roman States. 
2. Those of Sicily; Macaluba visited 
by Dolomieu and myself is the most fa- 
mous, as having sometimes firy erup- 
tions, although ejecting only clay. But 
there are many more in Sicily ejecting 
clay, sulphur, magnesian marl, &c. 
3. Thoseof Crimea, described by Pallas. 
4. Those of Poland, producing mud 
and salt. 
5. Those of Iceland, called Geysers or 
spouting springs, producing many earths 
and N even silex. > 
6. Those of Murcia in Spain, near Ori- 
huela. Quite lately sprung in 1829, With 
dreadful earthquakes, but no fire. A 
square of 64 miles circuit was desolated 
and all the villages destroyed. The 
ground was filled with clbfts and millions 
of small craters, throwing out sand, black 
liquid mud and sea water, mixt with sea 
shells! and sea weeds! (see the Descr. in 
Bulletin of Geography of Paris.) This 
great eruption of our times is a complete 
proof of the volcanic formation of many 
tertiary strata and even sandstone strata, 
or strata with organised fossils. 
Two other recent instances of volcanic 
eruptions of mud and earths, will be given 
as additional proofs. 
In 1822. The mountain Galungun, near 
Cheribon, in Java, had a dreadful erup- 
tion with explosions, earthquakes and 
lightnings; but no fire, no flame and no 
lava. It rained ashes and bot mud, with 
earth and stones, which formed a stratum 
70 feet deep, 20 miles long and 10 wide, 
overwhelming 114 villages, and destroy- 
ing 4000 men. 
In 1831 and 1832, some of the volca- 
noes East of the Andes must have had 
earthy or muddy eruptions, since the 
earth, dust, and mud, was carried easter- 
ly 1000 miles to Buenos Ayres, in black 
clouds, by the winds, as was stated in the 
periodicals, unless we admit that it was 
1. Trachytic or lavic volcanoes: suchjformed in the clouds. 
as Etna,* Vesuvius, both aquatic and 
aerial. 
2. Basaltic volcanoes, ejecting basalts 
and traps commonly aquatic. 
3. Carbonic volcanoes, ejecting coal 
and slates; always aquatic. 
4. Salsic volcanoes or salses. These 
are both aquatic and aerial. Many are 
yet Existing; but they were much more 
numerous in ancient times, when the sea 
covered most of the land. 
These salsic and muddy volcanoes in 
fact exist every where; but have perio- 
dical or remote eruptions. When they 
are small, they pass unnoticed, as many 
have which exist in England, France and 
Germany; being mistaken for curious 
springs or casual phenomena. But these 
small local effects and formations are ex- 
actly what geology seeks as remains of 
former more powerful agents. 
