74 
I have sought for- them in North Ame- 
rica and had no difficulty to find them. 
They exist every where in the seconda- 
ry and tertiary regions. Many belong to 
remote aquatic formations and eruptions; 
but several exist in actual activity as 
aerial salses, with craters, throwing many 
earthy and saline substances. 
Out of 100 interesting localities of this 
kind, which I have visited, I shall here 
mention a few. 
1. SALSES of New-York, at Saratoga, 
Saline, Syracuse, Montezuma, &c. 
2. Those of the great lime valley ex- 
tending from New-York to Virginia east 
of the Alleghany. 
3. Those of theJAlIeghany mts. Cats- 
kill, &c. with very ancient craters that 
threw sand or psamite formations, some- 
times become lakes. 
4. Those of Cumberland and Wasioto 
mts. of Virginia, Kentucky and Tennes- 
see. The hollow mountain is a singular 
psamite crater in it very ancient. 
5. Those of the Ohio basin, in Ohio, 
Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, Indiana. 
Very numerous and various, of different 
ages and periods, called licks, salines, 
springs, &c. Such are Bignob licks, Har» 
man licks; mud licks, yellow springs, &c. 
which will be described in my account of 
the licks. 
6. Those on the Mississippi, or west of 
it, are very numerous also. In 1811 and 
12, they had dreadful eruptions forming 
lakes and clefts, craters, new strata as in 
Murcia. 
All these' throw put as yet periodically, 
earths and salts, gases, mud, claj^, iron, 
. lime, marl, bitumen, sand, &c. and con- 
tinue to increase some smaller or local 
formations of those substances. 
The account of these salsic volcanoes 
will be continued in other papers; and 
, the carbonic volcanoes of North Ameri- 
t ca will be described in my memoirs on 
the coal mines of North America. 
C. S. Rafinesqjue. 
19. On the La^elmtes N. G. of American 
Fossils.— -By C. S. Rafinesqte. 
! - Among several fine fossils of the cabi- 
net of Prof. Green, which I have added 
to mine by exchanges, I have found 2 
sp. of a N. G. of POROSTOMES,or ani- 
mals without mouths, in a fossil state. I 
was right to announce that the fossil po- 
' rostomites would soon increase in number 
I have called this N.G. LamelUies owing 
touts internal lamellar structure, whereby 
it is related to my bolactites, fibrillites 
and the’ living tethya. It differs chiefly 
from this last by its solid centre and 
smoother outside, without cuticle. Both 
species are from the State of New-York, 
near Glen’s falls in the old limestone of 
that region, somewhat similar to the 
transition of the long valley; but of a 
darker hue; nearly black with a bluish 
cast. 
They are not silicified, but petrified, 
into the hard limestone, and can be 
scratched by iron. 
G. LameUites. Body free without a cu- 
ticle outside; lamellar in a radiating form 
around the circumference, centre solid 
not lamellar, but the lamellas radiate from 
it. 
1 sp. L. bilobata , Raf. Oblong, nearly 
bilobe, or middle contracted, ends round- 
ed, Surface a little uneven, lamellas, 
elongated, solid centre small. Fine large 
heavy and hard fossil, 4 inches long, 
blackish, with some roughness and pits 
outside, some white spots inside^ 
2. sp. L. depressa % Raf. Discoidal, de- 
pressed, nearly smooth outside, lamellas 
short; solid centre large. Smaller, dia- 
meter over one inch, softer and of a paler 
bluish cast. 
The figures of these and 500 other fos- 
sils' will be given in my Iconographical 
Illustrations; 
-^ 09 - 
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
20. Licks and Sucks of Kentucky . 
, Br C. S. Rapines q,ue. 
The enumeration of these places 
properly belongs to Physical Geo- 
graphy, their ultimate history to 
Geology. 
Their geological name is SALSE* 
They are found all over the Western 
States, and even in Western Virgi- 
nia and Pennsylvania^ but are most 
numerous in the Central State of 
Kentucky. They were called 
LICKS by the first settlers, because 
they noticed that buffaloes, elks and 
deer went to lick the saline ground, 
and SUCKS when they went to tuck 
or drink the saline springs or pools 
of the salses. ’"The French settlers 
called them salines; this name has 
been partly preserved in New-York, 
Canada, Illinois, and Missouri. 
Nearly 100 licks are noticed in 
the large map of Kentucky by Mun- 
sell$ but I have seen or heard of 60 
more. They may be divided info 3 
series. 
t 1. Salt Licks , producing saline 
efflorescences or salt springs and 
30ols. In summer the, springs are 
often dry, but the saline particles 
