Tt 
commonly connected with the licks, 
are but few and peculiar phenomena. 
The description of the most re- 
ftiarkable Licks will be given here- 
after in a geological Essay. Al- 
though few are alike in extent and 
form, they nave nevertheless many 
things in common. 
21 . The two Highest Mountains of Ameri- 
ca. — By Pentland. v 
They ante both in South America and 
in Bolivia. 
1. Mount S orata, East of Lake Titicaca 
is 25,250 feet high ; the highest in Ame- 
rica ; but yet lower than the peaks of the 
Imalaya in Asia. Peak Javaher is 26,745 
and others from 27 to 28,000. 
2. Mount Illimani, East of City Lapaz 
is 24,350 feet high, and the second high- 
est in America : while the famed Chim- 
borazo, once thought the highest on 
earth and lately the highest at least in 
America, is at best the third in rank, 
being only 21,425 feet high. Perhaps 
other higher yet are to be found in Boli- 
via and Chili. 
Pentland in 1825 measured the moun- 
tains and heights of Bolivia, and found 
them higher than those of Quito, near 
the equatdr. The highest land of Ame- 
rica is to the S. of it, while in Asia it is 
N. of it. 
This discovery upsets all our boasted 
calculations and physical views of moun- 
tains; which must be amended as well 
as our geographical school books. 
Another discovery of Pentland de- 
stroys the whole of Humboldt's fanciful 
theory of gradual limits of congelation 
and perpetual snow. Thus every learn- 
ed theory in geology is gradually destroy- 
ed by facts. 
On the Andes of Quito at the equator 
the perpetual snow is found only at 
15,749 feet. While in the Andes of the 
Bolivia, between 18 and 19 S. of Equa- 
tor, the perpetual snow is found only at 
17,061 feet ! by the theory it ought to be 
at less than 14,000 ! at which height are 
found villages and vegetation. 
The post house of An com area inhabit- 
ed 4 months in the year, is at 15,722 ft. 
above the sea. The village of Tarura at 
14,252 feet. 
The city ofPotosi is at 13,314 feet, the 
mines at 15,912. 
City of Chucuito at 13,025 feet. 
0 The Lake Titicaca inhabited all around 
is at 12,703 feet. The table land of Ta- 
jora W. of it 18,898. 
^apaz, the largest city of Bolivia, at 
While in Mexico at 18 to 19 d. N. of 
the Equator, all vegetation ceases at 
14,075 feet. 
The Imalaya mountains of Asia evince 
also that other causes besides latitude and 
elevation, influence the climate, heat, 
vegetation and congelation; since in lati- 
tude 20 to 30 N. cultivation extends as 
far as 17000 feet above the sea, and per- 
petual snow begins only at 20,500 feet, 
according to Dr. Gerard's observations. 
Tellus. 
22. Scientific Explorers of North America . 
1. Mr. Lutner, a Botanist and Entomo- 
logist, from Stutgard in Germany, has 
travelled last year through New-York, 
this year in Pennsylvania, and he is now 
gone to explore Carolina and Georgia. 
He expects to be sent next year to Aus- 
tralia by the Botanical Society of Stutt- 
gard. 
2. Mr. Gates has explored for two 
years past Louisiana, Mississippi and Ala- 
bama, at the expense of several gentle- 
men, chiefly in New-York. He has col- 
lected for them many plants, shells, fos- 
sils, and other objects. 
3. Capt. Wyeth with a company of ad- 
venturers from Cambridge in Massachu- 
setts, sent by the Pacific Fur Company, 
have departed this year to explore the 
Oregon Country, where they are to spend 
five years in hunting and trading. It is 
said they h^ve a Mineralogist and Zoolo- 
gist among them; but their names are 
not given. 
4. Prof. Rafinesque has been one of 
the earliest scientific explorers of North 
America. He has travelled for 20 years 
as a Botanist, Zoologist, Geologist, Geo- 
grapher and Archeologist, from 1802 to 
1804, and from 1815 to 1832, on the fol- 
lowing States and places. 
1802, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. 
1803, Ditto and Alleghany mts. 
1804/Delaware to Cape Henlopen, 
East and West Maryland, Virginia, Alle- 
ghany mts. of Pennsyl. and New Jersey. 
1815. Connecticut and New-York. 
1816. New-York, Lake Champlain, the 
4 falls of Hudson, Vermont, &c. 
1817. Mattawan mts., Catskill mts. 
Long Island, Connecticut, &c. 
1818. Pennsylv. mts. Alleghany River 
Ohio to Wabash, W T est Kentucky, India- 
na, Illinois, Ohio and Pennsylvania. 
1819. Maryland, Poiomack, Allegh, 
mts. River Ohio, Central and East Ken- 
tucky, Knobhills, &c. 
1820. Central and East Kentucky. 
1821. Kentucky, Ohio, Miami, &c. 
1822. Centra! Kentucky. 
1823. West Kentucky and Tennessee; 
East Kentucky and Cumberland mts. 
