116 
12, Geology of the Feroe Islands. 
In the description of those islands 
by Landt, is found a complete con- 
firmation of the Volcanic theory of 
Basalt, Coal and Clay! omitted of 
course in our common school books of 
Geology. They are 22 Islands large 
and small inlat. 61 and 62, between 
the Shetlands and Iceland, connect- 
ing the Geology of both. Iceland is 
quite Volcanic and yet active. Shet- 
land is primitive;* but the Feroe al- 
though Volcanic are not in activity. 
They have no craters, no lavas, no 
eruptions; but only the productions 
of submarine ancient, extinct vol- 
canoes, Traps, Basalts, COAL, 
CLAY, &c. alternating and inter- 
mixed. The stratification is very 
singular and often quite plain on 
the sides of ruptured islands, show- 
ing 20 to 30 strata of Trap, Basalt, 
COAL, CLAY, and a porous stone 
alternating! The Basalts are of ail 
forms, perpendicular, oblique, hori- 
zontal, SPIRAL, divergent from a 
nucleus! &c. 
The Coal strata are imbedded in 
these volcanic formations; the Coal 
mine of Suderoe is 4000 feet long, 
1200 wide, and 5 thick. 
Some warm springs are found 
there, as in all volcanic countries. 
All the hills and mountains are co- 
nical, but without craters as in ma- 
ny submarine volcanoes. The high- 
est is Mount Skoelling, 2240 feet 
high in Stronove, the largest island 
2 7 miles long. 
Let the systematic Geologists ex- 
lain this if they can, and tell us 
ovv Coal and Clay come out of their 
place, between Trap and Basalt, 
the newest or superincumbent rocks 
of theirs: and in islands were no 
trees can grow! See the translation 
of Landt, published in London, in 
1810. C. S. R. 
* Yet in 1^68, a Submarine Eruption 
of a Volcano near Fetlar Island, in the 
Shetlands, took place and killed the fish- 
13. Aucibites Rhombxfera, a net o 
Encrinite , from the Cabinet of 
Dr. Cohen , of Baltimore. By 
C. S. RafLnesque. 
N.G. Arcybites, Raf. Head glo- 
bular, 4 pairs of nerves arising from 
the base or concave mark of the bro- 
ken peduncle, forming eight dicho- 
tomous rays on the surface, soon 
becoming anastomosed and reticula- 
ted, with small warts: opening or 
mouth terminal, round, simple, not 
quite central. 
Spec. ch. of A.rkombifera. Quite 
globular, rays unequal, reticulations 
unequal, rhomboidal, small warts in 
the rhombes, none on the nerves. 
This fine fossil is d j inch in dia- 
meter, converted into carbonate of 
lime. It was found by Dr. Cohen, 
near Lockport in New. York, at the 
excavations in the geodiferous lime- 
stone. The inside is solid. It was 
unlabelled. My name means net- 
like head. It is one of the Encrinite 
head, most like some Echinites, but 
the rays are not by 5 nor stellated. 
The small warts may resemble am- 
bulacri; but the umbo of the pedun- 
cle is very apparent, round and con- 
cave. The Encrinites in fact only 
differ from the Echinites by being 
pedunculated. 
14., Lucilites Nigra, a new uni- 
valve fossil Shell# from the Alle- 
ghany Mountains of Pennsylva- 
nia. By C. S.Eajinesque. 
This pretty fosil is in the Cabinet 
of my friend Hayden, in Baltimore, 
who found a single specimen of it, 
on the side of a limestone cliff at 
Bedford Springs, in a valley of the 
Alleghanys of S. Pennsylvania. It 
was taken 60 feet from- the ground. 
It is the most shining fossil Shell 
which I have seen, almost as if re- 
cent, whence I have called it Luci- 
lites or shining fossil. Its black 
color very unnatural among shells 
makes a fine contrast with the dull 
blue limestone in which it is fixed. 
It belongs to the family of Patellites, 
