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lar limestone masses are seen, re- 
sembling huge fossils, like oblate 
spheroids of stratified lime, others 
5 feet diameter and one thick 
with concentric circular ridges 
like a Boletus. The lime con- 
tains white and black crystals in 
the fissures, and the slate con- 
tains Pyrites. 
Before Cattaraugus creek a 
tract of clay is found, with many 
ponds and sloughs. Beyond the 
creek the shore becomes very 
shallow, and with sand dow 7 ns 
50 feet high, formed by drifts, 
and as white as snow r . 
From Walnut creek to Erie in 
Pennsylvania, the road for sixty 
miles is on a broad ridge paral- 
lel with the Lake, but 2 or 3 
miles distant, formed of loam 
and pebbles of mica slate. The 
first appearance of this primitive 
rock in place is at a quarry 12 
miles from Cattaraugus nearly 
South, but the Chatauque moun- 
tains now in sight appear to be 
formed of it at their base. 
At the Can ad away creek these 
mountains begin to run parallel 
with the Lake Ridge, 5 or 6 miles 
only from Lake Erie; on their 
top is the Lake Chatauque which 
empties the waters into the Ohio, 
They are the N. W. end of the 
Allegbanies as the Catskiil mts. 
are their N. E. end. They are 
about 1200 feet high, and the 
small streams running from them 
to the Lake, are over the mica 
slate. 
At the twenty-mile creek, the 
valley interrupts the mts. and on 
its banks horizontal strata of mi- 
ca slate are seen 50 feet high 
above the w ; ater. 
Here begins Pennsylvania. 
As far as Erie, the Argillite 
covers the mica slate, which ap- 
pears again near Erie where a 
quarry of it is used. Boulders 
of granite are seen on the shore 
but no limestone. 
It is 14 miles from Erie to 
Waterford on Lebeuf creek over 
the mountains. The road ascends 
for 8 miles over successive ridg- 
es, disposed like an amphitheatre, 
with steep slopes towards the 
Lake. These mts. extends S.W. 
into Ohio but recede from the 
Lake gradually. Lebeuf cr. ri- 
ses in Pine swamps, and its wa- 
ters are of a dark color. It emp- 
ties into French cr.a large stream 
or rather river in a broad val- 
ley. 
Meadville 40 miles from Erie 
is in a plain with a gravely loa- 
my soil. Some granite boulders 
seen on the uplands. 
Fourteen miles S. of Meadville 
ends the mica slate region and 
begins the sandstone region sup- 
porting coal, limestone and iron 
ore. The sandstone hills and 
ridges run from E. to W. and 
are 16 miles broad from N. to S. 
Some sandstone is white, quite 
crumbling and similar to salt. 
Some limestone strata of a bluish 
white are found. Scrubgrass 
cr. and Little Sandy cr. have 
iron beds. 
The valley of Slippery rock 
cr. is S. of these hills, and opens 
to the W. The strata are hori- 
zontal. Limestone is seen below 
the sandstone, and coal near the 
surface. 
Condquenessing cr. has coal 
mines on its banks under clay 
slate. The valley has high hills 
on each side of quartzote grit 
with mica in it. Four kinds of 
iron ore found there honeycomb 
gravel, bog and metallic ores. 
From hence to Pittsburg the 
country is very hilly, the sand- 
stone, limestone, coal, and iron 
