137 
are found every where, and on 
the top of each hill a kind of grea 
sy Qchraceous earth. 
100. ORYCTOLOGY. 
Vulgar names of fossils and petri- 
factions in North America . 
The common names given to 
those objects by the illiterate and 
ignorant of geology throughout 
the United States, are of some 
importance, because they indi- 
cate or lead to detect the locali- 
ties for fossils, as well as to cor- 
rect the .curious mistakes and 
misnomers of the vulgar lan- 
guage on that score. I have 
therefore collected several of the 
names which I have thus seen 
applied. The adjective appella- 
tion Petrified is commonly pre- 
fixed to all of them, thus 
Petrified snakes, or coiled 
snakes are Ammonites . 
Rattle snakes or petrified rat- 
tles are Orthoceratites. 
Petrified fishes are the inside of 
the same. 
Petrified crabs and beetles are 
Trilobites , called snake heads 
when contracted. 
P. turtles are Septaria . 
P. butterflies are Productus* 
P. wasp nests are Favosiies. 
P. buffaloe horns are large Tur 
binolites . 
P, dog teeth are T cynodon 
P. giants bones find teeth are 
Mastodon and elephants. 
P. men ? s heads are Nodulites 
and Pithecites. 
P. knives or bills or penis are 
Belemnites . 
P. roots and bark are Alcyo- 
nites . 
P. brakes are Filiates . 
P. screws are Encrinites. P. 
buttons the same when the arti- 
culations are loose. 
P. eyes or ringstones are Cy- 
clorites* 
P. stars or ^ea stars are Pent- 
acrinites. 
P. stars or star stones are Ma- 
dreporites. 
P. corals and thimble stones 
are Milleporites> 
P. almonds are Mclisma and 
Nuculites. 
P. hickory nuts awPentremi - 
tes. 
P. acorns are Cupulites . 
P, elk horns are Somarites . 
P. deer horns are Mazamites* 
P. snails and cockles are uni- 
valve shells. 
P. clams, muscles, oysters &c. 
are bivalve shells. 
P. tongues are shark teeth. 
P. walnuts or balls are Bolac - 
tites. 
P. sponges are Gavulites or 
S pongites. 
P. birds nests are Antrosites . 
P. eggs or egg stones are Geo - 
dites >; 
P. fish roes are Oolites . 
P. reeds or grass are Coal phy- 
iolites 
P» snake skin are Lycopodites . 
P. nets are Tesselites . 
P. sheep’s horns ar eSpirulites* 
P. needles are Spinuliteso 
P. olives and pecan nuts are 
spines of Echinites. 
P. turnips are Lamellites . 
P. chains are Catenularia . 
C. S. R. 
101. Ancient Volcanoes of 
North America. — By C. S. 
Raeines^xje. 
America will upset many of 
the theoretical doctrines of Eu- 
ropean Geologists, and so will 
Africa when explored by them. 
The highest mts. were said to 
be of grariit every where; but 
the highest in the world, those of 
