158 
peaks in various places, or in 
chains or groups. 
Valleys are also neglected, 
and it is not shewn whether 
streams run in plains, basins, 
ancient lakes, narrow valleys 
or gullies. As early as 70 
years ago, Hutchins surveyed 
the river Ohio and noticed 
some features of the valley 
where it flows; but later geo- 
graphers have not even attend- 
ed to his map, trusting to new 
flat surveys . In 1818 I sur- 
veyed again topographically 
that valley with all its hills, 
gaps, bluffs, lakes, &c. for 
Cramer and Spear of Pitts- 
burg, who paid me JglOO for 
this labor; hut have since re- 
sold it to somebody else, and it 
has not yet appeared in our 
general maps. , 
Mr. Tanner, desirous to im- 
prove his great map of the U. 
States, purchased from me last 
year, my surveys of mountains, 
spurs, hills, knobs and table- 
lands, chiefly in the States of 
'Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, N. 
York and Pennsylvania. He 
has inserted them in his map of 
1832, which if compared with 
the former map of 1830, will 
evince a vast difference in phy- 
sical geography. He has also 
inserted the tablelands and 
mountains of Tennessee, from 
the late map of Rhea. And 
quite lately the Gold Mines 
Region has called forth a new 
map of Peck, (in Silliman’s 
Journal) which delineates the 
South East slopes of our mts. 
We have then now something 
like a correct outline of the 
contour of our Alleghany moun- 
tains, formerly called Takga* 
wi, except in the S. ,& S. W. I 
was the first to trace their con- 
tour or limits to the North, N. 
W. and West. Darby and 
Thomas had long ago spoken 
of the N. W. end of the Ale- 
ghanies near lake Erie, 2000 
feet high, but as late as 1832 
they w r ere not in our maps! 
yet they are there as in N. E. 
an abrupt rise of the Aleghany 
tableland, 360 miles wide from 
lake Erie to the Catskill, and 
quite connected in the North; 
as the rise of the Delaware, 
Susquehannah, Ohio and Ge- 
nessee streams ought to have 
indicated. Through N. York 
this tableland sends many 
hilly spurs between the minor 
lakes, and has a broad apron 
or tableland step forming the 
falls of Niagara and Genessee; 
while at the falls of the Mo- 
hawk a spur runs out to join 
the Canadian and Primitive 
mts of the North. At the N.E. 
end they are called Kiskanon 
or Catskill mountains, and rise 
abruptly 4000 feet. 
The Mattawan mountains 
vulgarly called Highlands are 
primitive, and form a narrow 
broken tableland, cut up by 
the Hudson river, and tide- 
water, with peaks of 1500 feet; 
they run W. and E. and soon 
after become the Taconic mts. 
running from 8. to N. between 
the Hudson and Connecticut 
basins, to become further off 
the Greon mts of Vermont 
and the White mts of New 
Hampshire and Maine, 7000 
feet high, the highest of our 
mountains, and the primitive 
