10 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. V, January, 1951 
TABLE 1 
Classification of Somatic Mutations in Cayenne 
FRUIT MUTATIONS 
I. Foliar proliferation of the ftuitlet 
1. Crowning Beauty 
2. Hour Glass 
3. Slipping Beauty 
II. Multiplication of floral organs 
4. Flowering Beauty (increase in petal number) 
5. Multiple sepals and bracts 
III. Disappearance of floral structures 
6. Dry fruit (only the floral bract subtending 
the ftuitlet remains) 
7. Bottle Neck (the upper one half to one third 
of the fruit is like the dry fruit) 
IV. Changes in fruit characters 
8. Elongated bracts and sepals 
9. Big eyes 
10. Slender 
11. Elongated fruit 
12. Self seedy 
13. Rough (pointed eyes) 
14. Non-porous flesh 
15. White flowers 
16. Nubbin (dwarf and abnormal fruit — eyes 
small and distorted, surface very rough) 
M226 
be identical with the one Kidwell called the 
'True” Cayenne. 
Our third strain is known as the Collar-of- 
Slips, because of the excessive number of 
slips produced around the base of the fruit. 
It has a smaller fruit than the Hilo, is later in 
maturing its plant and ratoon crops, and is 
generally considered an undesirable type. 
These Cayenne strains have been present as 
components of the variety for a long, long 
Fig. 3. A plant of the Cayenne variety, showing slips, 
suckers, and a mature fruit. 
PLANT MUTATIONS 
V. Single character changes 
17. Spiny leaves 
18. Absence of anthocyanin 
19. Linear anthocyanin 
20. Blush anthocyanin 
21. Intensified anthocyanin 
22. Albino (no chlorophyll) 
23. Streaked anthocyanin 
24. Waxy (absence of trichomes) 
25. Semi- waxy (reduction in trichomes) 
26. Mealy (increased trichomes) 
27. Few slips (573, M4W) 
28. Increased number of slips (L69) 
29. Multiple crowns 
30. Increased wilt tolerance (resistance) 
31. Increased chlorophyll (LH8) 
VI. Multiple character changes 
32. Paper Leaf (degenerate plant) 
33. B.B. (gigas form) 
34. Lanai (short leaf type) 
35. Driver’s Dwarf (dwarf) 
time. How they originated or which repre- 
sents the true or original Cayenne cannot now 
be determined with certainty. 
Figure 3 shows a typical Cayenne plant with 
slips, suckers, and a mature fruit. 
Mutations 
The term '‘mutation” is applied to new 
hereditary variations which appear de novo in a 
population of plants or animals, caused by a 
change in the structure of a chromosome and 
thus in the hereditary constitution of the in- 
dividual. 
Mutations have occurred in the Cayenne 
variety, giving rise to a series of new or 
changed forms; some are so profoundly 
changed that they no longer show the variety 
characters, others show only minute changes. 
These mutant forms are treated separately 
from the strains already discussed, principally 
because we know something about the origin 
of these mutations and we do not know how 
the strains originated. It is quite possible that 
the latter also started as somatic mutations. 
The mutations in Cayenne can be con- 
veniently divided into six classes on the basis 
