The Lace-necked Dove- — Schwartz and Schwartz 
93 
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Fig. 1. Adult Lace-necked Dove. Waikii, Hawaii. Elevation 4,700 feet above sea level; April 5, 1946. 
densities (up to 200 birds per square mile). 
These zones occupy the coastal regions be- 
low 2,500 feet elevation, where mean temp- 
eratures are between 75° and 70° F. annually 
and where rainfall varies from less than 10 to 
approximately 60 inches annually. The dens- 
est populations in these zones occur on 
Molokai and are the result of a desirable 
combination of habitat requirements. One of 
the most productive areas centers in the 
region of pineapple cultivation near Hoole- 
hua. A resident population of doves utilizes 
densely wooded draws and gullies for roost- 
ing areas, and forages in old pineapple fields 
rich in weedy growth and in fallow grain 
fields and garden plots of adjacent home- 
stead areas. Water is obtained from the fruit 
of popolo {Solanum nodiflorum), scattered live- 
stock watering places, and occasional rain 
and dew. Two other regions of dove con- 
centration on this island are found in the 
coastal flats and in areas immediately ad- 
jacent. Here, in the excellent roosting sites 
afforded by algaroba (Prosopis cMlensis) are 
numerous stock watering units and some 
springs. On the adjacent dry open slopes, 
xerophilous plants such as uhaloa {Waltheria 
americand) and ilima {Sida sp.) produce an 
abundant seed crop utilized by these doves. 
Between these areas and the Hoolehua area 
there is considerable exchange of birds, which 
results in definite fly ways. 
Zones C 2 and Di are classed as intermediate 
dove range because of an intermediate per- 
centage of occupancy (62-81 per cent), 
intermediate population (8,000-13,000), and 
intermediate densities (generally up to 100 
birds per square mile). In these zones. 
