The Lace-necked Dove — SCHWARTZ and SCHWARTZ 
105 
of a flimsy platform about 7 inches in diame- 
ter, roughly constructed of twigs between 
Va and 14 inch in diameter and about 4 or 5 
inches long. Sometimes it contains a lining 
of fine rootlets for the two white eggs. 
The juvenile plumage lacks the black and 
white neck "lace” so characteristic of the 
adult, and the contour feathers are distinctly 
and narrowly light-tipped. Three nest-free 
birds in juvenile plumage had bursae of 
Fabricius 4 to 5 millimeters in length. Thir- 
teen birds in adult plumage had no measur- 
able bursae while two others had bursae 
measuring 3 and 5 millimeters, respectively. 
Riddle (1928), working with other species of 
Streptopelia, found that bursae usually, but 
not invariably, involuted at sexual maturity. 
SEX RATIOS, WEIGHTS, AND MEASUREMENTS 
Sex ratios found in the Lace-necked Dove 
in Hawaii are as follows: 
were light to moderate. Goniodes sp. larvae, 
Goniodes chinensis Kell. & Chap., and a new 
species of Columhicola, not yet described, 
occurred on collected birds. The latter two 
species were also identified from Barred 
Doves in Hawaii. 
Intestinal roundworms, Ascaridia columhae 
(Gmelin), were found occasionally, thus es- 
tablishing a new host record for this parasite. 
A. columhae also occurred in feral pigeons in 
Hawaii. We found the eyeworm, Oxyspirura 
mansoni Cobbold, in Lace-necked Doves, as 
did Alicata (1947), and in the Japanese Quail 
{Coturnix coturnix japonica Temminck and 
Schlegel), and in pheasants in Hawaii. The 
heaviest infestation was two worms in each 
eye of a single dove. Subulura hrumpti (Lopez 
Neyra), a cecal roundworm, occurred in a 
single specimen. This parasite is common in 
Japanese Quail and pheasants in Hawaii. 
Known intermediate hosts of the latter two 
NUMBER OF 
NUMBER OF 
MALES PER 
MALES 
FEMALES 
100 FEMALES 
79 adult and nest-free juvenile doves 
43 
36 
119:100 
64 adults 
35 
29 
120:100 
15 juveniles 
8 
7 
114:100 
Three adult males averaged 146 grams and 
three adult females averaged 159 grams in 
weight. This small series indicates that fe- 
males may be heavier than males. However, 
measurements of 59 adult Lace-necked Doves 
show males to be slightly larger than females 
(Table 3). 
PARASITES 
Lice were the only external parasites ob- 
served on Lace-necked Doves and infestations 
parasites were not found in this food habits 
study, but doubtless are consumed by the 
Lace-necked Dove. 
The cestode Davainea crassula (Rudolph!) 
was found in the Lace-necked Dove; this is 
another new host record. It also occurred in 
feral pigeons in Hawaii. Infestations varied 
from light to extremely heavy. The inter- 
mediate host of this parasite is unknown but 
since the diet of Lace-necked Doves includes 
some insects and mollusks, it is possible that 
TABLE 3 
Average Measurements in Millimeters of 59 Adult Lace-necked Doves 
MEASUREMENTS 
33 ADULT MALES 
26 ADULT FEMALES 
Total length 
324.0 
318.4 
Extent of wing 
459.4 
451.0 
Length of closed wing 
152.4 
150.0 
Length of tail 
145.6 
141.5 
Exposed culmen 
17.4 
16.8 
Length of middle toe including nail 
25.4 
25.3 
